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Viral infections are known to induce production of IL1\u03b2 through the signaling pathway of inflammasomes. Emerging evidences suggest that Inflammasome genes may influence the immune response against HCV as the host genetic background may contribute to the balance between acute and chronic inflammation. We investigated in 151 patients with chronic hepatitis C and 206 healthy blood donors\u2019 individuals (HD). Polymorphisms in the <jats:italic>IL1B<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IL18<\/jats:italic> genes were genotyped by PCR-RFLP, while <jats:italic>NLRP3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CARD8<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CTSB<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>AIM2<\/jats:italic> by RT- PCR. Serum assay of IL-1\u03b2 cytokine was performed by ELISA. 84 patients presented mild fibrosis (&lt;F2) and 67 advanced fibrosis (\u2265 F2). Among the HD individuals the <jats:italic>NLRP3-<\/jats:italic>rs10754558 C\/C genotype correlated with higher IL-1\u03b2 levels compared to the G\/G genotype. Similar pattern was observed in patients with hepatitis C, mean circulating IL-1\u03b2 levels were 21,96 \u00b1 4.5 and 10,62 \u00b1 3.3pg\/mL among the C\/C and G\/G genotypes, respectively. This pattern holds even after stratification of the patients into mild fibrosis and advanced fibrosis, demonstrating that the <jats:italic>NLRP3-<\/jats:italic>rs10754558 or another polymorphism in linkage disequilibrium with it possibly has an influence on the processing of pro-IL-1\u03b2. Notably, higher levels of IL-1\u03b2 (Mann\u2013Whitney test, p&lt;0.0001) were observed among patients (mean \u00b1 SEM: 19,24 \u00b13.pg\/mL) when compared with controls (mean \u00b1 SEM: 11,80 \u00b11.0pg\/mL). Gene-gene interaction showed that individuals heterogyzotes for both <jats:italic>CARD8-<\/jats:italic>rs2009373 and <jats:italic>IL1B-<\/jats:italic>rs16944 are less prone to hepatitis C development (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub> = 0.039). Similarly, herozygote carriers for <jats:italic>CTSB<\/jats:italic>-rs1692816 and <jats:italic>AIM2<\/jats:italic>-rs1103577 (p<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub> = 0.008) or for <jats:italic>IL18<\/jats:italic>-rs187238 and <jats:italic>NLRP3<\/jats:italic>-rs10754558 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub> = 0.005), have less chances to the development of hepatitis C. However, between subgroups of &lt;F2 and \u2265F2, individuals homozygous for the T allele of <jats:italic>CARD8<\/jats:italic>-rs2009373 and heterozygous for IL18-rs187238 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub> = 0.028), have mild form of fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T17:43:51Z","timestamp":1624470231000},"page":"e0253470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Inflammasome genes polymorphisms may influence the development of hepatitis C in the Amazonas, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1003-3848","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diana Mota","family":"Toro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajendranath","family":"Ramasawmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro Vieira","family":"Silva Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grenda Leite","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priscila Santos","family":"Sarmento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna Lara Silva Negreiros","family":"Dray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keyla Santos","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana Santos","family":"Affonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9ssica Albuquerque","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadja Pinto","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maril\u00fa Vict\u00f3ria","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flamir Silva","family":"Vict\u00f3ria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Ant\u00f4nio","family":"Donadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7312-6822","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Allyson Guimar\u00e3es","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauricio Morishi","family":"Ogusku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Sadahiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9a Monteiro","family":"Tarrag\u00f4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Malheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0253470.ref001","volume-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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