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Borwell Endowment Fund","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To test whether postmortem MRI captures brain tissue characteristics that mediate the association between physical activity and cognition in older adults.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Participants (N = 318) were older adults from the Rush Memory and Aging Project who wore a device to quantify physical activity and also underwent detailed cognitive and motor testing. Following death, cerebral hemispheres underwent MRI to quantify the transverse relaxation rate R<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, a metric related to tissue microstructure. For analyses, we reduced the dimensionality of the R<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> maps from approximately 500,000 voxels to 30 components using spatial independent component analysis (ICA). Via path analysis, we examined whether these R<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> components attenuated the association between physical activity and cognition, controlling for motor abilities and indices of common brain pathologies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Two of the 30 R<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> components were associated with both total daily physical activity and global cognition assessed proximate to death. We visualized these components by highlighting the clusters of voxels whose R<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values contributed most strongly to each. One of these spatial signatures spanned periventricular white matter and hippocampus, while the other encompassed white matter of the occipital lobe. These two R<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> components partially mediated the association between physical activity and cognition, accounting for 12.7% of the relationship (p = .01). This mediation remained evident after controlling for motor abilities and neurodegenerative and vascular brain pathologies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The association between physically activity and cognition in older adults is partially accounted for by MRI-based signatures of brain tissue microstructure. Further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathway.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T18:31:12Z","timestamp":1625682672000},"page":"e0253484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Physical activity, brain tissue microstructure, and cognition in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8266-9829","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Dawe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sue E.","family":"Leurgans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan D.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria N.","family":"Poole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Arfanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aron S.","family":"Buchman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0253484.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3589271","article-title":"Lifestyle modulators of neuroplasticity: how physical activity, mental engagement, and diet promote cognitive health during aging","volume":"2017","author":"C. 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