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Dopaminergic hyperactivity in the basal ganglia has previously been linked to increased sensitivity to positive reinforcement and increases in choice impulsivity. In this study, we examine whether this extends to changes in temporal discounting, where impulsivity is operationalized as an increased preference for smaller-but-sooner over larger-but-later rewards. We assessed intertemporal choice in two studies including nineteen adolescents (age: mean[sd] = 14.21[\u00b12.37], 13 male subjects) and twenty-five adult patients (age: mean[sd] = 29.88 [\u00b19.03]; 19 male subjects) with Tourette syndrome and healthy age- and education matched controls. Computational modeling using exponential and hyperbolic discounting models via hierarchical Bayesian parameter estimation revealed reduced temporal discounting in adolescent patients, and no evidence for differences in adult patients. Results are discussed with respect to neural models of temporal discounting, dopaminergic alterations in Tourette syndrome and the developmental trajectory of temporal discounting. Specifically, adolescents might show attenuated discounting due to improved inhibitory functions that also affect choice impulsivity and\/or the developmental trajectory of executive control functions. Future studies would benefit from a longitudinal approach to further elucidate the developmental trajectory of these effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T13:34:38Z","timestamp":1624023278000},"page":"e0253620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Temporal discounting in adolescents and adults with Tourette syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5653-3058","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Canan Beate","family":"Sch\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben Jonathan","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Sch\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Baldermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Huys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Kerner auch Koerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Niessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"M\u00fcnchau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0253620.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-300585","article-title":"The Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: the current status","volume":"97","author":"MM Robertson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed"},{"key":"pone.0253620.ref002","first-page":"1577","article-title":"Tourette \u2018 s syndrome","volume":"360","author":"JF Leckman","year":"2002"},{"key":"pone.0253620.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.09.002","article-title":"Clinical course of Tourette syndrome","volume":"67","author":"MH Bloch","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"pone.0253620.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.01.001","article-title":"Recent advances in Tourette syndrome research","volume":"29","author":"RL Albin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0253620.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.07.008","article-title":"A Developmental Perspective of Dopaminergic Dysfunction in Tourette Syndrome","volume":"84","author":"JB Dwyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0253620.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2027","article-title":"Dysregulation of the Reward and Learning Systems in Tourette Syndrome","author":"J Kuhn","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurology. 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