{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T11:27:03Z","timestamp":1787916423109,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011512","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DST-NRF Internship Programme (2018 \u2013 2019)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DST-NRF Internship Programme (2018 \u2013 2019)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011512","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Research Fund of South Africa","award":["UID number 109187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID number 109187"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The occurrence and genetic relatedness of AmpC beta-lactamase producing<jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>isolated from clinical environments, groundwater, beef, human and cattle faeces were investigated. One hundred seventy-seven (177) samples were collected and cultured on MacConkey agar. A total of 203 non-repetitive isolates were characterised using genus\/species-specific PCRs and the identified isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. The production of AmpC beta-lactamases was evaluated using cefoxitin disc, confirmed by the D96C detection test and their encoding genes detected by PCR. The D64C extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) test was also performed to appraise ESBLs\/AmpC co-production. The genetic fingerprints of AmpC beta-lactamase producers were determined by ERIC-PCR. A total of 116 isolates were identified as<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 65),<jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>spp. (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 36) and<jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 15). Ciprofloxacin resistance (44.4\u201355.4%) was the most frequent and resistance against the Cephem antibiotics ranged from 15\u201343.1% for<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>, 25\u201336.1% for<jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>spp., and 20\u201340% for<jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>. On the other hand, these bacteria strains were most sensitive to Amikacin (0%), Meropenem (2.8%) and Piperacillin-Tazobactam (6.7%) respectively. Nineteen (16.4%) isolates comprising 16<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>and 3<jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>spp. were confirmed as AmpC beta-lactamase producers. However, only<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>isolates possessed the corresponding resistance determinants:<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ACC<\/jats:sub>(73.7%,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 14),<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CIT<\/jats:sub>(26%,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 5),<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>DHA<\/jats:sub>(11%,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 2) and<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>FOX<\/jats:sub>(16%,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 3). Thirty-four (27.3%)<jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>strains were confirmed as ESBL producers and a large proportion (79.4%,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 27) harboured the<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>gene, however, only two were ESBLs\/AmpC co-producers. Genetic fingerprinting of the AmpC beta-lactamase-producing<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>isolates revealed low similarity between isolates. In conclusion, the findings indicate the presence of AmpC beta-lactamase-producing<jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>from cattle, beef products and hospital environments that commonly harbour the associated resistance determinants especially the<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ACC<\/jats:sub>gene, nonetheless, there is limited possible cross-contamination between these environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T18:44:58Z","timestamp":1627584298000},"page":"e0253647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evidence of potentially unrelated AmpC beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae from cattle, cattle products and hospital environments commonly harboring the blaACC resistance determinant"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Keduetswe","family":"Matloko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Fri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tshepiso Pleasure","family":"Ateba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesego G.","family":"Molale-Tom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1230-5138","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Collins Njie","family":"Ateba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0253647.ref001","first-page":"313","article-title":"A novel approach for identification of members of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical samples","volume":"3","author":"F Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0253647.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.9734\/BBJ\/2014\/10570","article-title":"AmpC-BETA lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae isolated at a Tertiary Hospital, South Western Uganda","volume":"4","author":"M Nakaye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br Biotechnol J"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0253647.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30475-4","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality due to Shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990\u20132016","volume":"18","author":"IA Khalil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0253647.ref004","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (DFWED). 2014, https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ecoli\/general\/index.html. 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