{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T17:04:09Z","timestamp":1783616649692,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pelvic floor disorders (PFD) are gynecologic health problems containing a wide variety of clinical problems; the most prevalent problems are pelvic organ prolapse, fecal incontinence, and urinary incontinence. It is a significant women\u2019s health problem for both developed and developing countries. One in five women in Ethiopia experiences at least one major type of pelvic floor disorders. Despite the severity of the problem, due attention was not given, and no study has been conducted on pelvic floor disorders in the Gurage Zone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the prevalence and associated factors of symptomatic pelvic floor disorders among women living in Gurage Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2020 among 542 women residing in the Gurage Zone. A multi-stage sampling method was used to select the participants. Interviewer administered, pretested questionnaires containing questions related to pelvic organ prolapse, urinary, and fecal incontinence was used. The urinary incontinence severity index questionnaire was used to assess the severity of urinary incontinence. Epi-Info x7 was used to record data, and SPSS was used to analyze the data. Binary logistic regression with 95% CI was used to explore the relationship between PFD and other independent variables. After multivariable logistic regression analysis variables with P-value less than 0.05 was used to determine significant association.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 542 participants were included in this study. Overall, 41.1% of the participants reported one or more symptoms of pelvic floor disorders. Urinary incontinence had the highest prevalence (32.8%), followed by pelvic organ prolapse (25.5%) and fecal incontinence (4.2%). History of weight lifting &gt;10 Kg (AOR = 3.38; 95% CI: 1.99, 5.72), \u22655 vaginal delivery (AOR = 11.18; 95% CI: 1.53, 81.58), and being in menopause (AOR = 3.37; 95% CI: 1.40, 8.07) were identified as possible contributing factors in the development of a pelvic floor disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec005\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of symptomatic PFD was higher compared to other similar studies in Ethiopia. Heavy weight lifting, repetitive vaginal deliveries and menopause were factors significantly associated with PFD. Expansion of technologies and building basic infrastructures, health education on kegel exercise and promotion of family planning should be considered as a prevention strategy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T18:26:13Z","timestamp":1625163973000},"page":"e0254050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Symptomatic pelvic floor disorders and its associated factors in South-Central Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9235-1980","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eskedar Demissie","family":"Beketie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1793-7361","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wubishet Tesfaye","family":"Tafese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0704-4394","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zebene Mekonnen","family":"Assefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fantahun Walle","family":"Berriea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genet Asfaw","family":"Tilahun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bisrat Zeleke","family":"Shiferaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natnael Eshetu","family":"Teke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0254050.ref001","first-page":"33","article-title":"An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)\/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction","volume":"110","author":"B Haylen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Womens Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0254050.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12030","article-title":"The impact of pelvic floor disorders and pelvic surgery on women\u2019s sexual satisfaction and function","volume":"58","author":"SM Yount","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Midwifery & Women\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254050.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-016-3077-6","article-title":"Living with pelvic organ prolapse: voices of women from Amhara region, Ethiopia","volume":"28","author":"JL Gjerde","year":"2017","journal-title":"International urogynecology journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254050.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000057","article-title":"Prevalence and trends of symptomatic pelvic floor disorders in US women","volume":"123","author":"JM Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstetrics and gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0254050.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-010-1215-0","article-title":"Pelvic organ prolapse and incontinence in developing countries: review of prevalence and risk factors","volume":"22","author":"GJ Walker","year":"2011","journal-title":"International urogynecology journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254050.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v27i3.8","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with pelvic organ prolapse among pedestrian back-loading women in Bench Maji Zone","volume":"27","author":"A Henok","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ethiopian journal of health sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0254050.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-1981-y","article-title":"Pelvic floor disorders among women in Dabat district, northwest Ethiopia: a pilot study","volume":"24","author":"B Megabiaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"International urogynecology journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254050.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0585-1","article-title":"One in five women suffer from pelvic floor disorders in Kersa district Eastern Ethiopia: a community-based study","volume":"18","author":"M Dheresa","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC women\u2019s health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0254050.ref009","article-title":"Pelvic organ prolapse in Jimma University specialized hospital, southwest Ethiopia","volume":"22","author":"M Akmel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ethiopian journal of health sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254050.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.69614\/ejrh.v10i1.24","article-title":"A one year review of pelvic organ prolapse at st. Paul\u2019s hospital millenium medical college, Addis Ababa Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"T Hurissa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0254050.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-1951-4","article-title":"Silently waiting to heal","volume":"24","author":"JL Gjerde","year":"2013","journal-title":"International urogynecology journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254050.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-236","article-title":"Depression among women with obstetric fistula, and pelvic organ prolapse in northwest Ethiopia","volume":"13","author":"BM Zeleke","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0254050.ref013","first-page":"11","article-title":"Coital urinary incontinence and female sexual function","volume":"1","author":"I Radoja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Southeastern European Medical Journal"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0254050.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-018-3776-2","article-title":"Factors associated with pelvic floor disorders in Kersa District, eastern Ethiopia: a community-based study","volume":"30","author":"M Dheresa","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Urogynecology Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0254050.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000263469.68106.90","article-title":"Symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse: prevalence and risk factors in a population-based, racially diverse cohort","volume":"109","author":"G Rortveit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"pone.0254050.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.47.6.497","article-title":"Validation of a severity index in female urinary incontinence and its implementation in an epidemiological survey","volume":"47","author":"H Sandvik","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Heal"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0254050.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-005-1314-5","article-title":"Epidemiology of prolapse and incontinence questionnaire: validation of a new epidemiologic survey","volume":"16","author":"ES Lukacz","year":"2005","journal-title":"International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor dysfunction"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254050.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e3181fd2356","article-title":"Prevalence of pelvic floor disorders in the female population and the impact of age, mode of delivery, and parity","volume":"54","author":"I Kepenekci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diseases of the Colon & Rectum"},{"key":"pone.0254050.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2015.12.012","article-title":"Symptomatic pelvic floor disorders in community-dwelling older Australian women","volume":"85","author":"BM Zeleke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"236","key":"pone.0254050.ref020","first-page":"2167","article-title":"Prevalence of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction among Married Women of Udupi Taluk, Karnataka, India","volume":"4","author":"Krishna B Rao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Women\u2019s Health Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0254050.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2016.1240771","article-title":"The prevalence of symptomatic pelvic floor disorders in women in Bangladesh","volume":"19","author":"R Islam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0254050.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-019-03992-z","article-title":"Prevalence of symptomatic pelvic floor disorders in community-dwelling women in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"RM Islam","year":"2019","journal-title":"International urogynecology journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0254050.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2002.01109.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of pelvic organ prolapse in rural Gambia, West Africa","volume":"109","author":"C Scherf","year":"2002","journal-title":"BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0254050.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181a11a85","article-title":"Nonobstetric risk factors for symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse","volume":"113","author":"A Miedel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"pone.0254050.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S122459","article-title":"Determinants of pelvic organ prolapse among gynecologic patients in Bahir Dar, north West ethiopia: a case\u2013control study","volume":"8","author":"A Asresie","year":"2016","journal-title":"International journal of women\u2019s health"},{"key":"pone.0254050.ref026","volume-title":"Williams GYNECOLOGY","author":"BL Hoffman","year":"2012","edition":"2"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254050.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/44.1.47","article-title":"Heavy lifting at work and risk of genital prolapse and herniated lumbar disc in assistant nurses","volume":"44","author":"S J\u00f8rgensen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0254050.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182267f2f","article-title":"Pelvic floor disorders 5\u201310 years after vaginal or cesarean childbirth","volume":"118","author":"VL Handa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstetrics and gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254050.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70. e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.08.034","article-title":"Risks of stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse surgery in relation to mode of childbirth","volume":"204","author":"\u00c5 Leijonhufvud","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0254050.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09758.x","article-title":"Prevalence and the associated trigger factors of urinary incontinence among 5000 black women in sub-Saharan Africa: findings from a community survey","volume":"107","author":"OA Ojengbede","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJU international"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254050.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)42512-2","article-title":"Age changes in the human female urethra: a morphometric study","volume":"139","author":"A Carlile","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Journal of urology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0254050.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.11.1311","article-title":"Prevalence of symptomatic pelvic floor disorders in US women","volume":"300","author":"I Nygaard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Jama"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T03:50:14Z","timestamp":1725335414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254050"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Peter F.W.M.","family":"Rosier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254050","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}}}