{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T12:03:25Z","timestamp":1793016205283,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to be a global threat, with tremendous resources invested into identifying risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness. The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics and outcomes of male compared to female adults with COVID-19 who required hospitalization within US academic centers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the Vizient clinical database, discharge records of adults with a diagnosis of COVID-19 between March 1, 2020 and November 30, 2020 were reviewed. Outcome measures included demographics, characteristics, length of hospital stay, rate of respiratory intubation and mechanical ventilation, and rate of in-hospital mortality of male vs female according to age, race\/ethnicity, and presence of preexisting comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among adults with COVID-19, 161,206 were male while 146,804 were female. Adult males with COVID-19 were more likely to have hypertension (62.1% vs 59.6%, p &lt;0.001%), diabetes (39.2% vs 36.0%, p &lt;0.001%), renal failure (22.3% vs 18.1%, p &lt;0.001%), congestive heart failure (15.3% vs 14.6%, p &lt;0.001%), and liver disease (5.9% vs 4.5%, p &lt;0.001%). Adult females with COVID-19 were more likely to be obese (32.3% vs 25.7%, p&lt;0.001) and have chronic pulmonary disease (23.7% vs 18.1%, p &lt;0.001). Gender was significantly different among races (p&lt;0.001), and there was a lower proportion of males versus females in African American patients with COVID-19. Comparison in outcomes of male vs. female adults with COVID-19 is depicted in Table 2. Compared to females, males with COVID-19 had a higher rate of in-hospital mortality (13.8% vs 10.2%, respectively, p &lt;0.001); a higher rate of respiratory intubation (21.4% vs 14.6%, p &lt;0.001); and a longer length of hospital stay (9.5 \u00b1 12.5 days vs. 7.8 \u00b1 9.8 days, p&lt;0.001). In-hospital mortality analyzed according to age groups, race\/ethnicity, payers, and presence of preexisting comorbidities consistently showed higher death rate among males compared to females (Table 2). Adult males with COVID-19 were associated with higher odds of mortality compared to their female counterparts across all age groups, with the effect being most pronounced in the 18\u201330 age group (OR, 3.02 [95% CI, 2.41\u20133.78]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This large analysis of 308,010 COVID-19 adults hospitalized at US academic centers showed that males have a higher rate of respiratory intubation and longer length of hospital stay compared to females and have a higher death rate even when compared across age groups, race\/ethnicity, payers, and comorbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T14:04:31Z","timestamp":1625839471000},"page":"e0254066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":182,"title":["Male gender is a predictor of higher mortality in hospitalized adults with COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ninh T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6447-872X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Justine","family":"Chinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan","family":"De Ferrante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0876-8113","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katharine A.","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel F.","family":"Hohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alpesh","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0254066.ref001","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Accessed January 30, 2021. https:\/\/covid.cdc.gov\/covid-data-tracker\/#cases_casesper100klast7days"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0254066.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3350","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI139306","article-title":"Clinical trials for COVID-19 should include sex as a variable","volume":"130","author":"E Bischof","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"14","key":"pone.0254066.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa284","article-title":"Higher mortality of COVID-19 in males: sex differences in immune response and cardiovascular comorbidities","volume":"116","author":"LA Bienvenu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"26","key":"pone.0254066.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa2011686","article-title":"Hospitalization and Mortality among Black Patients and White Patients with Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"EG Price-Haywood","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254066.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19741-6","article-title":"Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission","volume":"11","author":"H Peckham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"pone.0254066.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01931","article-title":"Sex Hormones Determine Immune Response","volume":"9","author":"V Taneja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254066","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T14:04:54Z","timestamp":1625839494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254066"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Corstiaan","family":"den Uil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254066","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]}}}