{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:33:50Z","timestamp":1790667230869,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018857","name":"MED-EL","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018857","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Listening to speech in noise is effortful for individuals with hearing loss, even if they have received a hearing prosthesis such as a hearing aid or cochlear implant (CI). At present, little is known about the neural functions that support listening effort. One form of neural activity that has been suggested to reflect listening effort is the power of 8\u201312 Hz (alpha) oscillations measured by electroencephalography (EEG). Alpha power in two cortical regions has been associated with effortful listening\u2014left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and parietal cortex\u2014but these relationships have not been examined in the same listeners. Further, there are few studies available investigating neural correlates of effort in the individuals with cochlear implants. Here we tested 16 CI users in a novel effort-focused speech-in-noise listening paradigm, and confirm a relationship between alpha power and self-reported effort ratings in parietal regions, but not left IFG. The parietal relationship was not linear but quadratic, with alpha power comparatively lower when effort ratings were at the top and bottom of the effort scale, and higher when effort ratings were in the middle of the scale. Results are discussed in terms of cognitive systems that are engaged in difficult listening situations, and the implication for clinical translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T17:50:50Z","timestamp":1625853050000},"page":"e0254162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Cortical alpha oscillations in cochlear implant users reflect subjective listening effort during speech-in-noise perception"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2353-7631","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brandon T.","family":"Paul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trung","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Dimitrijevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0254162.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1080\/01690965.2012.705006","article-title":"Speech recognition in adverse conditions: A review","author":"SL Mattys","year":"2012","journal-title":"Language and Cognitive Processes"},{"key":"pone.0254162.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000396","article-title":"Effects of hearing impairment and hearing aid amplification on listening effort: A systematic review","author":"B Ohlenforst","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ear and Hearing"},{"key":"pone.0254162.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31828003d8","article-title":"The effects of hearing aid use on listening effort and mental fatigue associated with sustained speech processing demands","volume":"34","author":"BWY Hornsby","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"pone.0254162.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2014.890296","article-title":"Listening effort and fatigue: What exactly are we measuring? 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