{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T17:01:29Z","timestamp":1761238889520,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During archaeological excavations in burial sites, sometimes stoned organic objects are found, in addition to human remains. Those objects might be of a different origin, depending on various factors influencing members of a community (i.e. diseases, trauma), which provides information about their living conditions. The St. Nicholas Church archaeological site (Libkovice, Czechia) in the 18<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> century horizon of the cemetery, yielded a <jats:italic>maturus-senilis<\/jats:italic> female skeleton with a stone object in the left iliac fossa. This object was an oviform cyst-like rough structure, measuring 54 mm in length, 35 mm in maximum diameter and 0.2\u20130.7 mm shell thickness. Within the object there were small fetal bones (long bones, i.e. femur and two tibias, two scapulas, three ribs, vertebrae and other tiny bone fragments). Methods utilized to analyze the outer and inner surface morphology of the cyst and its inside, included: X-ray, CT imaging, SEM, histological staining and EDS. The EDS analysis revealed the presence of primarily oxygen, calcium and phosphorus in bone samples, and oxygen and silicon, in stone shell. Based on the length of the femur (20.2 mm) and tibia (16 mm) shafts, the fetal age was determined as being in the 15\u201318 week of pregnancy. The differential diagnosis was conducted, including for the three most probable cases: <jats:italic>fetiform teratoma<\/jats:italic> (FT), <jats:italic>fetus-in-fetu<\/jats:italic> (FIF) and <jats:italic>lithopedion<\/jats:italic>. The possibility of <jats:italic>fetiform teratoma<\/jats:italic> was discounted due to the presence of an anatomically correct spine, long bones and the proportions of the find. Although the low calcium content in the shell (2.3% atom mass), the lack of skull bones and the better developed lower limbs indicate <jats:italic>fetus-in-fetu<\/jats:italic> rather than <jats:italic>lithopedion<\/jats:italic>, the analyses results are unable to conclusively identify the object under one of these two categories since there are insufficient such cases in excavation material with which to draw comparison.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T18:13:24Z","timestamp":1625249604000},"page":"e0254173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Differential diagnosis of a calcified cyst found in an 18th century female burial site at St. Nicholas Church cemetery (Libkovice, Czechia)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3662-1821","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Barbara","family":"Kwiatkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4350-4175","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Agata","family":"Bisiecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9406-9997","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Pawelec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3740-8697","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Witek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6827-8162","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joanna","family":"Witan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8301-7662","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Nowakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Konczewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1505-1279","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Biel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6549-1400","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kr\u00f3l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5593-7085","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Martewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Lissek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Va\u0159eka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9182-6953","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna","family":"Lipowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0254173.ref001","unstructured":"Wells C. Discussion of the skeletal material. In: East Anglian Archaeology Wade-Martins P, editors. Excavation in Iona 1964 to 1974. 1981;9: 247\u2013302."},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref002","first-page":"349","volume-title":"Diseases in antiquity","author":"DR Brothwell","year":"1967"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2042.2000.00207.x","article-title":"Characteristics of pediatric urolithiasis in south\u2010east Anatolia","volume":"7","author":"A Ece","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Urology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0254173.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e109096","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109096","article-title":"A biological stone from a medieval cemetery in Poland.","volume":"9","author":"JJ G\u0142adykowska-Rzeczycka","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ro.2005.01.021","article-title":"A Compartmental Approach to the Radiographic Evaluation of Soft-Tissue Calcifications.","volume":"40","author":"KP Banks","year":"2005","journal-title":"Seminars in Roentgenology"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0254173.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22709","article-title":"Palaeopathology: Current challenges and medical impact.","volume":"29","author":"FJ R\u00fchli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Anat."},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)54571-1","article-title":"A 1,500-year-old bladder stone","volume":"126","author":"JM Streitz","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02550466","article-title":"Finding of a bladder stone from the Avar period in southeast Hungary","volume":"19","author":"F Szalai","year":"1987","journal-title":"International Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2015.05.003","article-title":"Case report: A giant calcified uterus, likely due to benign leiomyoma","volume":"10","author":"G Cole","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Paleopathology"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1159\/000337292","article-title":"Soft tissue tumors in palaeopathology: a review.","volume":"79","author":"G Fornaciari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pathobiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254173.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.670","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of a prehistoric biological object from the Koster (Illinois) site.","volume":"13","author":"D Komar","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.01.005","article-title":"A possible Echinococcus granulosus calcified cyst found in a medieval adult female from the churchyard of Santo Domingo de Silos (Pr\u00e1dena del Rinc\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain).","volume":"16","author":"\u00c1M Monge Calleja","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Paleopathology"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2013.09.008","article-title":"Paleoparasitology and paleopathology. Synergies for reconstructing the past of human infectious diseases and their pathocenosis.","volume":"3","author":"O Dutour","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Paleopathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254173.ref014","first-page":"47","article-title":"An echinococcosis cyst from an early Medieval cemetery in Poland. TC, histological, and DNA findings","volume":"15","author":"JJ G\u0142adykowska-Rzeczycka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Paleopathology"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2017.06.012","article-title":"Computed Tomography\u2013Detected Paleopathologies in Ancient Egyptian Mummies.","volume":"47","author":"L Cramer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.04.031","article-title":"Giant bladder stone in a natural mummy of the early 19th century","volume":"2","author":"V Giuffra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2018.06.003","article-title":"Identifying small pelvic inclusions through SEM technology","volume":"22","author":"E Gonz\u00e1lez-Reimers","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Paleopathology"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90148-C","article-title":"Three-millennium antiquity of the lithokelyphos variety of lithopedion","volume":"169","author":"BM Rothschild","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.1390040309","article-title":"Lithopedion as an archaic occurrence","volume":"4","author":"BM Rothschild","year":"1994","journal-title":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.05.001","article-title":"Ovarian teratoma: A case from 15th\u201318th century Lisbon, Portugal","volume":"18","author":"SN Wasterlain","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Paleopathology"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1980.01380060062018","article-title":"Lithopedion: stone baby","volume":"115","author":"CJ Fagan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Archives of Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254173.ref022","first-page":"43","article-title":"Lithoke- lyphos: A Case Report and Literature Review","volume":"32","author":"NM Spirtos","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2353(200101)14:1<52::AID-CA1009>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Lithopedion: a case report.","volume":"14","author":"N Lachman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Anatomy"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-516X.165374","article-title":"An unusual case of retained abdominal pregnancy for 36 years in a postmenopausal woman.","volume":"5","author":"K Mitra","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied & Basic Medical Research."},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref025","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 11th Revision (ICD-11). Version for 2020."},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref026","first-page":"140","article-title":"The lithopedion\u2013an unusual cause of an abdominal mass","volume":"49","author":"J Ede","year":"2011","journal-title":"South African Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0254173.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1159\/000358828","article-title":"Developmental and clinical overview of lithopaidion.","volume":"78","author":"G Santoro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref028","first-page":"131","article-title":"Lithopedion. A case report","volume":"32","author":"R Shah-hosseini","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref029","first-page":"683","article-title":"A rare etiology of abdominal calcifications: lithopedion","volume":"79","author":"RD N\u2019Gbesso","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal de Radiologie"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01714661","article-title":"\u00dcber Lithop\u00e4dien.","volume":"17","author":"F. K\u00fcchenmeister","year":"1881","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr Gyn\u00e4kologie"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1148\/58.2.235","article-title":"Lithopedion: case report and survey.","volume":"58","author":"SD Hemley","year":"1951","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0254173.ref032","first-page":"633","article-title":"Abdominal Pregnancy in a 67-year-old Woman Undetected for 37 Years","volume":"44","author":"CA Frayer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Medicine"},{"issue":"3972","key":"pone.0254173.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3972.383","article-title":"A note on lithopaedion with report of a case","volume":"1","author":"P. Cave","year":"1937","journal-title":"The British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254173.ref034","first-page":"95","article-title":"Fetiform teratoma (homunculus).","volume":"1","author":"JA Greenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0254173.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2012.11.003","article-title":"An ovarian teratoma of late Roman age","volume":"2","author":"N Armentano","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Paleopathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0254173.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2013.05.007","article-title":"Paleopathology of an ovarian teratoma: Description and diagnosis of an exotic abdominal bone and tooth mass in a historic Peruvian burial","volume":"3","author":"HD Klaus","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Paleopathology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254173.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-009-2328-8","article-title":"Fetus in fetu: two case reports and review of literature","volume":"25","author":"JD Arlikar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatric Surgery International"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254173.ref038","first-page":"598","article-title":"Fetus in fetu removal in a 47-year-old man","volume":"112","author":"AD Dagradi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref039","first-page":"2119","article-title":"Fetus in fetu and teratoma. A case report and review","volume":"48","author":"JPG Du Plessis","year":"1974","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2008.01.061","article-title":"Fetus-in-fetu: report of a case and a review of the literature","volume":"43","author":"MA Escobar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Surgery"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref041","unstructured":"Va\u0159eka P. Prom\u011bny s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00ed struktury v mikroregionu Libkovic okr. Most Settlement structure transformation of the Libkovice microregion. In: J.K. Koz\u0142owski E. Neustupn\u00fd editors, Archeologia przestrzeni. Krak\u00f3w; 2001; 85\u201394."},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref042","unstructured":"Biel R. Excavations of St Nicholas church\u2019s cemetery expedition 138 (2019). Institute for Preservation of Archaeological Heritage of Northwest Bohemia. 2019 [cited 2021 March 8]. Available from: Institute for Preservation of Archaeological Heritage of Northwest Bohemia."},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref043","first-page":"1001","article-title":"Soubor k\u0159i\u017ek\u016f ze zanikl\u00e9ho h\u0159bitova p\u0159i kostelu sv. Jana v Obo\u0159e (Praha-Mal\u00e1 Strana)","volume":"13","author":"M Omelka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Archeologie ve st\u0159ednich \u010cech\u00e1ch"},{"volume-title":"Dewocjonalia z ko\u0144ca XVI-XVIII wieku pochodz\u0105ce z bada\u0144 archeologicznych na terenie Polski. Stan zachowania, identyfikacja, zagadnienia konserwatorskie","year":"2013","author":"M. Ko\u0142yszko","key":"pone.0254173.ref044"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref045","article-title":"Data Collection Codebook.","author":"R Steckel","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Global History of Health Project"},{"volume-title":"Diagnostyka morfologiczno-ortopedyczna schorze\u0144 staw\u00f3w w materiale wykopaliskowym","year":"2008","author":"J G\u0142adykowska-Rzeczycka","key":"pone.0254173.ref046"},{"volume-title":"Podstawy antropometrii: Metody, techniki, normy.","year":"1997","author":"A Malinowski","key":"pone.0254173.ref047"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"008","DOI":"10.24215\/18536387e008","article-title":"Fetal age at death estimation on dry bone: testing the applicability of equations developed on a radiographic sample","volume":"21","author":"C Carneiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Revista Argentina de Antropolog\u00eda Biol\u00f3gica"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-018-2138-6","article-title":"Three-dimensional growth of tibial shaft ossification in the human fetus: a digital-image and statistical analysis.","volume":"41","author":"M Baumgart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254173.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02923718","article-title":"The renal parenchymal stone: a benign calcified renal mass.","volume":"6","author":"MR Paling","year":"1984","journal-title":"Urologic Radiology"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/0037-198X(82)90016-5","article-title":"Gamut: Calcifications in the female pelvis.","volume":"17","author":"JK Stein","year":"1982","journal-title":"Seminars in Roentgenology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254173.ref052","first-page":"215","article-title":"Calcificaciones y dientes como hallazgo radiol\u00f3gico en dos casos de lumbalgia de car\u00e1cter muscular.","volume":"18","author":"JM Moral Pascual","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mapfre Medicina."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0254173.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.1079","article-title":"Parasitic conjoined twins: external, internal (fetuses in fetu and teratomas), and detached (acardiacs).","volume":"14","author":"R. Spencer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Anatomy"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0254173.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(99)90333-0","article-title":"Intrahepatic fetus-in-fetu: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"34","author":"KG Magnus","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Surgery"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-9261.102344","article-title":"Thoracic fetus in fetu","volume":"17","author":"RK Reddy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref056","first-page":"304","article-title":"Lithopedion with calcified placentae: case report.","volume":"67","author":"PW Oden","year":"1940","journal-title":"Virginia Medical Monthly"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0254173.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800580524","article-title":"Acute Intestinal Obstruction Caused by Lithopaedion.","volume":"58","author":"SA Zaheer","year":"1971","journal-title":"British Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90914-1","article-title":"Lithopaedion in a 92-year-old woman","volume":"345","author":"P Speiser","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-77001-2","volume-title":"Histology of Ancient Human Bone: Methods and Diagnosis.","author":"G Grupe","year":"1993"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00724-X","article-title":"Human fetal bone development: histomorphometric evaluation of the proximal femoral metaphysis","volume":"30","author":"BL Salle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref061","unstructured":"Moreira, C. A., Dempster, D. W., & Baron, R. 2019. Anatomy and Ultrastructure of Bone\u2013Histogenesis, Growth and Remodelling. 26 May 2009 [cited 9 March 2021]. In: Endotext [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.endotext.org\/chapter\/anatomy-and-ultrastructure-of-bone-histogenesis-growth-and-remodeling\/"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470245842.ch14","article-title":"Bone chemistry and trace element analysis","author":"J. Burton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biological anthropology of the human skeleton"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/ba-1978-0171.ch006","volume-title":"Trace element analysis in the characterization of archaeological bone","author":"G. Wessen","year":"1978"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2019.12.008","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of calcified nodules from a medieval Sz\u00e9kely woman in Transylvania.","volume":"28","author":"H Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Paleopathology."},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2020.10.005","article-title":"A 13th-century cystic echinococcosis from the cemetery of the monastery of Badia Pozzeveri (Lucca, Italy).","volume":"31","author":"A Fornaciari","journal-title":"International Journal of Paleopathology"},{"key":"pone.0254173.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-4-96","article-title":"Twin fetus in fetu in a child: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"4","author":"AN Gangopadhyay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Case Reports"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T18:14:18Z","timestamp":1625249658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254173"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"David","family":"Caramelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254173","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]}}}