{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:52:39Z","timestamp":1790614359409,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, the Asian gall wasp <jats:italic>Dryocosmus kuriphilus<\/jats:italic> has invaded chestnut trees and significantly affected the Portuguese chestnut production. Studies in other countries, such as Japan or Italy, have shown that the parasitoid <jats:italic>Torymus sinensis<\/jats:italic> can successfully achieve biological control of <jats:italic>D. kuriphilus<\/jats:italic>. Mathematical models help us to understand the dynamics of the interaction between the pest <jats:italic>D. kuriphilus<\/jats:italic> and its parasitoid <jats:italic>T. sinensis<\/jats:italic> and, consequently, they can help to implement measures that enhance crop pest management. In this work, the evolution of the density of <jats:italic>D. kuriphilus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. sinensis<\/jats:italic> across time and space is studied through the numerical solution of models that include parameters based on observations made in Portugal. Simultaneous releases of the parasitoid are simulated at various locations and at different times. The results indicate that, in the case of a small and homogeneous orchard, biological control can be effective, but, in the case of extensive domains, the pest control is much more difficult to achieve. In order for biological control to be efficient, it is necessary to implement, in each chestnut-producing region, a collective strategy based on the annual monitoring of infestation levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T17:49:22Z","timestamp":1626889762000},"page":"e0254193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Biological control of the Asian chestnut gall wasp in Portugal: Insights from a mathematical model"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2431-8665","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlos","family":"Balsa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albino","family":"Bento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Paparella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0254193.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s11829-021-09810-y","article-title":"Histological changes induced by the cynipid wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in leaves of the chestnut Castanea sativa (Fagaceae): Mechanisms of galling impact on host vigor","volume":"15","author":"JL Jara-Chiquito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthropod-Plant Interactions"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0254193.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.13861","article-title":"Impact of the Asian gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus on the radial growth of the European chestnut Castanea sativa","volume":"58","author":"E Marcolin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Ecology"},{"key":"pone.0254193.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2015.10.004","article-title":"Impact of the Asian wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Yasumatsu) on cultivated chestnut: Yield loss and cultivar susceptibility","volume":"197","author":"C Sartor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scientia Horticulturae"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254193.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/afe.12036","article-title":"Invasion by the chestnut gall wasp in Italy causes significant yield loss in Castanea sativa nut production","volume":"16","author":"A Battisti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254193.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1017\/S000748531800069X","article-title":"Tracking the origin and dispersal of the Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) in Europe with molecular markers","volume":"109","author":"I Martinez-Sa\u00f1udo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bulletin of Entomological Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254193.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-018-1046-1","article-title":"The Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus: a global invader and a successful case of classical biological control","volume":"92","author":"DN Avtzis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Pest Science"},{"key":"pone.0254193.ref007","unstructured":"Moriya S, Shiga M, Adachi I. 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