{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:32:55Z","timestamp":1790634775214,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/138499\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/138499\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008431","name":"Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018\/11744"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/11744"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008431","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to describe professional soccer players\u2019 training responses during a competitive season and to investigate the relationship between these responses with wellbeing and recovery indices. Thirteen professional soccer players from the same Spanish Second Division team were monitored during a sixteen-week in-season period. Players\u2019 external loads were analyzed using global positioning measurement units (GPS). Additionally, subjective reporting of sleep quality, sleep duration, fatigue, muscle soreness, and stress were assessed with a customized wellness questionnaire at the beginning of each training session. A two-step cluster analysis identified profiles of different training responses generally described as lower-demand sessions, intermediate-demand sessions, running-based sessions, and sprint-based sessions; which were discriminated by different total distance covered and high-intensity actions. Interestingly, no probabilistic interactions were found between these training responses with wellbeing and recovery markers (i.e., Bayes factor &lt; 1 suggesting no evidence, for all the variables). These findings may raise concerns about using self-reporting tools, as they show that players\u2019 wellness data is probably not accounted for when coaching staff plan and optimize the training process. However, results should be interpreted with caution, due to representing a single team and coaching staff.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T17:35:08Z","timestamp":1626284108000},"page":"e0254655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["In-season training responses and perceived wellbeing and recovery status in professional soccer players"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7275-9161","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nuno","family":"Mateus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2029-1277","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Felipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"S\u00e1nchez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Garcia-Unanue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5762-332X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anthony","family":"Weldon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0254655.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1375695","article-title":"The evolution of physical and technical performance parameters in the English Premier League","volume":"35","author":"C Barnes","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0254655.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2014.10.003","article-title":"Evolution of match performance parameters for various playing positions in the English Premier League","volume":"39","author":"M Bush","year":"2015","journal-title":"Human Movement Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0254655.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099616","article-title":"Recommendations for hamstring injury prevention in elite football: translating research into practice","volume":"53","author":"M Buckthorpe","year":"2019","journal-title":"British Journal Of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0254655.ref004","article-title":"Epidemiology of injuries in professional football: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","author":"A L\u00f3pez-Valenciano","year":"2019","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254655.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.05.016","article-title":"High-speed running and sprinting as an injury risk factor in soccer: Can well-developed physical qualities reduce the risk?","volume":"21","author":"S Malone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0254655.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2014-0352","article-title":"Seasonal training-load quantification in elite English premier league soccer players","volume":"10","author":"JJ Malone","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0254655.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/24733938.2017.1282163","article-title":"Quantification of in-season training load relative to match load in professional Dutch Eredivisie football players","volume":"1","author":"TG Stevens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science and Medicine in Football"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254655.ref008","first-page":"377","article-title":"Contemporary practices of strength and conditioning coaches in professional soccer","volume":"38","author":"A Weldon","journal-title":"Biology of Sport. 2020"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0254655.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3511","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002816","article-title":"Quantification of a Professional Football Team\u2019s External Load Using a Microcycle Structure.","volume":"32","author":"A Mart\u00edn-Garc\u00eda","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254655.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/24733938.2019.1651934","article-title":"Quantification of training and match-load distribution across a season in elite English Premier League soccer players","volume":"4","author":"DM Kelly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science and Medicine in Football"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254655.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000345","article-title":"Structuring a program in elite professional soccer. Strength &","volume":"40","author":"GJ Walker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Conditioning Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0254655.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209393","article-title":"In-season internal and external training load quantification of an elite European soccer team.","volume":"14","author":"R Oliveira","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS one."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254655.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.03.019","article-title":"Wellbeing perception and the impact on external training output among elite soccer players","volume":"21","author":"S Malone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0254655.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095788","article-title":"The training\u2014injury prevention paradox: should athletes be training smarter and harder?","volume":"50","author":"TJ Gabbett","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0254655.ref015","article-title":"Spikes in acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) associated with a 5\u20137 times greater injury rate in English Premier League football players: a comprehensive 3-year study.","author":"L Bowen","year":"2019","journal-title":"British Journal Of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0254655.ref016","first-page":"997","article-title":"Recovery in Soccer: Part I-post-match fatigue and time course of recovery.","volume":"42","author":"M N\u00e9d\u00e9lec","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Medicine."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0254655.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0260-0","article-title":"Sleep and athletic performance: the effects of sleep loss on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise.","volume":"45","author":"H Fullagar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Medicine."},{"key":"pone.0254655.ref018","first-page":"1","article-title":"Poor Sleep Quality\u2019s Association With Soccer Injuries: Preliminary Data.","volume":"1","author":"A Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0254655.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0650-6","article-title":"Does elite sport degrade sleep quality? A systematic review.","volume":"47","author":"L Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0254655.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095359","article-title":"Hamstring injuries have increased by 4% annually in men\u2019s professional football, since 2001: a 13-year longitudinal analysis of the UEFA Elite Club injury study","volume":"50","author":"J Ekstrand","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0254655.ref021","article-title":"Influence of Well-Being Indices and Recovery State on the Technical and Physiological Aspects of Play During Small-Sided Games","author":"O Selmi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254655.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0798-8","article-title":"Acute and residual soccer match-related fatigue: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"48","author":"J Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Medicine."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254655.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-018-0172-x","article-title":"The current state of subjective training load monitoring\u2014a practical perspective and call to action.","volume":"4","author":"JO Coyne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Medicine\u2014Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0254655.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0253-z","article-title":"Monitoring training load to understand fatigue in athletes.","volume":"44","author":"SL Halson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0254655.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2831","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002778","article-title":"Validity and reliability of global positioning system units (STATSports Viper) for measuring distance and peak speed in sports.","volume":"32","author":"M Beato","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254655.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31822a61cf","article-title":"Comparing the physical demands of friendly matches and small-sided games in semiprofessional soccer players.","volume":"26","author":"D Casamichana","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254655.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89693-4","article-title":"Off-training physical activity and training responses as determinants of sleep quality in young soccer players.","volume":"11","author":"N Mateus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific Reports."},{"key":"pone.0254655.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/spreb","article-title":"A Tutorial on Conducting and Interpreting a Bayesian ANOVA in JASP.","author":"D van den Bergh","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254655.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-017-1323-7","article-title":"Bayesian inference for psychology. Part II: Example applications with JASP.","volume":"25","author":"E-J Wagenmakers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review."},{"key":"pone.0254655.ref030","first-page":"39","article-title":"Quantification, tapering and positional analysis of across 9-weekly microcycles in a professional Chinese super league soccer team.","volume":"12","author":"A Owen","year":"2020","journal-title":"EC Orthop."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0254655.ref031","first-page":"515","article-title":"Effects of natural between-days variation in sleep on elite athletes\u2019 psychomotor vigilance and sport-specific measures of performance","volume":"17","author":"M Knufinke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254655.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000023","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2015-000023","article-title":"Sedentary behaviour among elite professional footballers: health and performance implications.","volume":"1","author":"R Weiler","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sports & Exercise Medicine."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254655.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000178","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2016-000178","article-title":"Descriptive analysis of objectively assessed physical activity among talented soccer players: a study of three Norwegian professional football clubs.","volume":"2","author":"SA S\u00e6ther","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sports & Exercise Medicine."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0254655.ref034","first-page":"964","article-title":"Seasonal variation in objectively assessed physical activity among young Norwegian talented soccer players: A description of daily physical activity level","volume":"13","author":"SA S\u00e6ther","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254655","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T17:35:51Z","timestamp":1626284151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254655"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Moacir","family":"Marocolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254655","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]}}}