{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:15:05Z","timestamp":1747196105357,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Melanocytic nevi have a complex evolution influenced by several endogenous and exogenous factors and are known risk factors for malignant melanoma. Interestingly, tobacco use seems to be inversely associated with melanoma risk. However, the association between tobacco use and nevi and lentigines has not yet been evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We investigated the prevalence of nevi, atypical nevi, and lentigines in relation to tobacco smoking in a cohort of 59 smokers and 60 age- and sex-matched nonsmokers, using a questionnaire and performing a total body skin examination by experts.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>No significant differences were detected between smokers and nonsmokers in the numbers of nevi, atypical nevi, and lentigines in sun-exposed areas (p = 0.966, 0.326, and 0.241, respectively) and in non-sun-exposed areas (p = 0.095, 0.351, and 0.546, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our results revealed no significant differences in the prevalence of nevi, atypical nevi, and lentigines between smokers and nonsmokers in sun-exposed and non-sun-exposed areas.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T17:26:32Z","timestamp":1626801992000},"page":"e0254772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence of nevi, atypical nevi, and lentigines in relation to tobacco smoking"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Birgit","family":"Sadoghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Schmid-Zalaudek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Zalaudek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Fink-Puches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Niederkorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Rohrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5505-6103","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erika","family":"Richtig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254772.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.1.231","article-title":"Relation between smoking and skin cancer","volume":"19","author":"SAE De Hertog","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0254772.ref002","first-page":"1694","article-title":"Smoking and risk of skin cancer: a prospective analysis and a meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"F Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254772.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05352.x","article-title":"Lifestyle differences in twin pairs discordant for basal cell carcinoma of the skin","volume":"149","author":"T Milan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254772.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.01.041","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and malignant melanoma: a case-control study","volume":"64","author":"MC Kessides","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0254772.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13998","article-title":"Smoking is inversely related to cutaneous malignant melanoma: results of a meta-analysis","volume":"173","author":"Z Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"pone.0254772.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670060015008","article-title":"The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI","volume":"124","author":"TB Fitzpatrick","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0254772.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12374298","article-title":"Associated factors in the prevalence of more than 50 common melanocytic nevi, atypical melanocytic nevi and actinic lentigines: multicentre case-control study of the central malignant melanoma registry of the german dermatological society","volume":"102","author":"C Garbe","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0254772.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2011.07741.x","article-title":"Melanocytic nevi","volume":"9","author":"A Hauschild","year":"2011","journal-title":"JDDG"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254772.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2003.00047.x","article-title":"Acquired melanocytic nevi as risk factor for melanoma development. A comprehensive review of epidemiological data","volume":"16","author":"J Bauer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0254772.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12092.x","article-title":"Leiden Skin Cancer Study. Effect of smoking and sun on the aging skin","volume":"120","author":"C Kennedy","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254772.ref011","first-page":"173","article-title":"Smoking and the skin","volume":"99","author":"M Just-Sarobe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Actas Dermo-Sifiliograficas"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254772.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07537.x","article-title":"The risk for cutaneous malignant melanoma, melanoma in situ and intraocular malignant melanoma in relation to tobacco use and body mass index","volume":"156","author":"A Odenbro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"pone.0254772.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1177\/120347540400800603","article-title":"Cutaneous effects of smoking","volume":"8","author":"A Freiman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cutan Medicine and Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254772.ref014","first-page":"50","article-title":"Smoking, sun exposure, number of nevi ad previous neoplasias are risk factors for melanoma in older patients (60 years and over)","volume":"24","author":"E Nagore","year":"2010","journal-title":"JEADV"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0254772.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1991.01410330093013","article-title":"Cigarette smoking decreases tissue oxygen","volume":"126","author":"JA Jensen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0254772.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1089\/15230860260220175","article-title":"Oxidative stress and its role in skin disease","volume":"4","author":"KJ Trouba","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antioxidants and Redox Signaling"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254772.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2007.00242.x","article-title":"Increased melanogenesis is a risk factor for oxidative DNA damage\u2014study on cultured melanocytes and atypical nevus cells","volume":"84","author":"NP Smit","year":"2008","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0254772.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2003.11.035","article-title":"Disturbed melanin synthesis and chronic oxidative stress in dysplastic naevi","volume":"40","author":"S Pavel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254772.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2012.00649.x","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in South Europe: effect of smoking and aging","volume":"28","author":"E Cutillas-Marco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0254772.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2010.09.014","article-title":"Expression of vitamin D receptor decreases during progression of pigmented skin lesions","volume":"42","author":"AA Bro\u017cyna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Pathology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0254772.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.08.046","article-title":"A review of the health consequences of the vitamin D deficiency pandemic","volume":"311","author":"H Dobnig","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254772.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2004.00131.x","article-title":"Solar lentigines are strongly related to sun exposure in contrast to ephelides","volume":"17","author":"M Bastiaens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254772","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T22:06:58Z","timestamp":1626818818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254772"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Paula","family":"Boaventura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254772","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]}}}