{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T17:29:32Z","timestamp":1782667772156,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malaria is still a global health problem.<jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>is a single-cell protozoan parasite that causes malaria and is transmitted to humans through the female<jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>mosquito. The previous study showed that<jats:italic>Sonchus arvensis<\/jats:italic>L. callus has antiplasmodial activity. Several treatments are needed for callus quality improvement for antimalarial compound production. This study aimed to examine the effect of dolomite [CaMg(CO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>] on growth (morpho-anatomical structure and biomass), secondary metabolite production, and<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>antiplasmodial activity of<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>arvensis<\/jats:italic>L. callus. In this study, leaf explants were grown in Murashige and Skoog medium with a combination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, one mg\/L) and 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP, 0.5 mg\/L) with dolomite (50, 75, 100, 150, and 200 mg\/L). The 21 days callus ethanolic and methanolic extract were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The antiplasmodial test was performed on a blood culture infected with<jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>strain 3D7 using the Rieckmann method. The results showed that dolomite significantly affected callus growth, metabolite profile, and in vitro antiplasmodial activity. Dolomite (150 mg\/L) showed the highest biomass (0.590 \u00b1 0.136 g fresh weight and 0.074 \u00b1 0.008 g dry weight). GC-MS analysis detected four compounds from callus ethanolic extract. Pelargonic acid, decanoic acid, and hexadecanoic acid were major compounds. One new terpenoid compound is based on TLC analysis.<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>arvensis<\/jats:italic>L. callus has antiplasmodial activity with the IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>value of 5.037 \u03bcg\/mL. It was three times lower than leaf methanolic extract and five times lower than leaf ethanolic extract.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T18:34:45Z","timestamp":1629484485000},"page":"e0254804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Growth, secondary metabolite production, and in vitro antiplasmodial activity of Sonchus arvensis L. callus under dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2] treatment"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1149-1103","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dwi Kusuma","family":"Wahyuni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilfiana","family":"Rahayu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andi Hamim","family":"Zaidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiwied","family":"Ekasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sehanat","family":"Prasongsuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hery","family":"Purnobasuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0254804.ref001","volume-title":"World Health Organization: Guidelines for the treatment of malaria","author":"WHO","year":"2015","edition":"3"},{"key":"pone.0254804.ref002","volume-title":"World Health Organization: World Malaria Report","author":"WHO","year":"2015"},{"key":"pone.0254804.ref003","first-page":"31","article-title":"Phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Pterocarpus marsupium: A review.","volume":"5","author":"D Katiyar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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