{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:34:50Z","timestamp":1792553690535,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005001","name":"Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OG-9829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OG-9829"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> species belong to the aerobic actinomycetes group of bacteria which are gram-positive and partially acid-fast Bacilli. These bacteria may sometimes be associated with nosocomial infections. <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> diseases are not required to be reported to public health authorities in Iran. Hence, the present study was designed to determine the prevalence of human <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> spp. in Iran by using a systematic review and meta-analysis according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-Analyses statement.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The data of the prevalence of <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> species were collected from databases such as Embase, PubMed\/MEDLINE via Ovid, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar as well as national Iranian databases, including SID, Magiran. Analyses were conducted by STATA 14.0.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The meta-analyses showed that the proportion of <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> spp. in Iranian studies varied from 1.71(1.17, 2.24) to 0.46(0.09, 0.83). <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>asteroides<\/jats:italic> (21% [95% CI 1.17, 2.24]), <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>cyriacigeorgica<\/jats:italic> (17% [95% CI 0.99, 1.77]), <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>facanica<\/jats:italic> (10% [95% CI 0.75, 1.00]) were considered to be common causative agents.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our study presents that despite the fact that <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> spp. are normally are saprophytic organisms, are currently accounts as emerging pathogens due to an increase in immunocompromised patients among Iranian populations. Considering our results, the establishment of advanced diagnostic facilities for the rapid detection of <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> infections are required for optimal therapeutic strategies of <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> spp. in Iran. Our findings could help the programmatic management of the disease within the context of <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> control programs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T17:46:08Z","timestamp":1626975968000},"page":"e0254840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Genotypic and phenotypic prevalence of Nocardia species in Iran: First systematic review and meta-analysis of data accumulated over years 1992-2021"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8090-2332","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Hashemzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aram Asareh 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