{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T23:16:00Z","timestamp":1762038960414,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81602928, 81541069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81602928, 81541069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007128","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017JM8102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017JM8102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007128","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The geographical variation of maternal dietary patterns related to birth outcomes is important for improving the health of mothers and children; however, it is currently unknown. Thus, the objective of the study was to investigate geographical variations of maternal dietary pattern during pregnancy, and evaluate the spatial varying association of maternal dietary patterns in pregnancy with abnormal birth weight. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Shaanxi province in Northwest China in 2013 to evaluate the relationship between abnormal birth weight and dietary pattern using the Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression (GWLR). Three dietary patterns during pregnancy were extracted through factor analysis, explaining approximately 45.8% of the variability of food intake. Approximately 81.6% of mothers with higher scores on the equilibrium pattern was more unlikely to have small for gestational age (SGA) infants, with the lower OR observed in Central and South Shaanxi. The snacks pattern was positively associated with low birth weight (LBW) for 23.2% of participants, with the highest OR in Central Shaanxi. Among about 80.0% of participants with higher scores on the snacks pattern living in South and Central Shaanxi, there was a higher risk for SGA. The OR values tend to descend from South to North Shaanxi. The OR values of the negative association between prudent pattern and LBW decreased from South to North Shaanxi among approximately 59.3% of participants. The prudent pattern was also negatively associated with the increasing risk of fetal macrosomia among 19.2% of participants living mainly in South Shaanxi. The association of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy with abnormal birth weight varied geographically across Shaanxi province. The findings emphasize the importance of geographical distribution to improve the dietary patterns among disadvantaged pregnant women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T17:31:30Z","timestamp":1626975090000},"page":"e0254891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Geographical variations in maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy associated with birth weight in Shaanxi province, Northwestern China"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yini","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huihui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangyao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baibing","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duolao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5403-8168","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leilei","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0254891.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2014.07.001","article-title":"Healthy pregnant women in Canada are consuming more dietary protein at 16- and 36-week gestation than currently recommended by the Dietary Reference Intakes, primarily from dairy food sources","volume":"34","author":"TV Stephens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254891.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp025","article-title":"Role of micronutrients in the periconceptional period","volume":"16","author":"I Cetin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0254891.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174415001439","article-title":"Review of the importance of nutrition during the first 1000 days: maternal nutritional status and its associations with fetal growth and birth, neonatal and infant outcomes among African women","volume":"7","author":"SV Wrottesley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dev Orig Health Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254891.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.7762\/cnr.2019.8.1.64","article-title":"Maternal Dietary Patterns and Their Association with Pregnancy Outcomes","volume":"8","author":"Z Paknahad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254891.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200202000-00002","article-title":"Dietary pattern analysis: a new direction in nutritional epidemiology","volume":"13","author":"FB Hu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0254891.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5051511","article-title":"Dietary patterns in pregnancy and effects on nutrient intake in the Mid-South: the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) study","volume":"5","author":"E V\u00f6lgyi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0254891.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509993606","article-title":"Maternal dietary patterns in pregnancy and the association with small-for-gestational-age infants","volume":"103","author":"JM Thompson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0254891.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507803977","article-title":"Dietary patterns in pregnancy and associations with nutrient intakes","volume":"99","author":"K Northstone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0254891.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001633","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001633","article-title":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network. 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