{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:17:10Z","timestamp":1791346630717,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["NIH CORE Grant P30 EY08098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH CORE Grant P30 EY08098"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Association inflamoeil"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate which cytokines, chemokines and growth factors are involved in the immunopathogenesis of idiopathic uveitis, and whether cytokine profiles are associated with. Serum and aqueous humor (AH) samples of 75 patients with idiopathic uveitis were analyzed by multiplex immunoassay. Infectious controls consisted of 16 patients with ocular toxoplasmosis all confirmed by intraocular fluid analyses. Noninfectious controls consisted of 7 patients with Beh\u00e7et disease related uveitis and 15 patients with sarcoidosis related uveitis. The control group consisted of AH and serum samples from 47 noninflammatory control patients with age-related cataract. In each sample, 27 immune mediators \u00b1 IL-21 and IL-23 were measured. In idiopathic uveitis, 13 of the 29 mediators, including most proinflammatory and vascular mediators such as IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-1, IP-10, TNF-\u03b1 and VEGF, were significantly elevated in the aqueous humor when compared to all controls. Moreover, IL-17, IP-10, and IL-21, were significantly elevated in the serum when compared to all controls. We clustered 4 subgroups of idiopathic uveitis using a statistical analysis of hierarchical unsupervised classification, characterized by the order of magnitude of concentrations of intraocular cytokines. The pathogenesis of idiopathic uveitis is characterized by the presence of predominantly proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and vascular endothelial growth factor with high expression levels as compared to other causes of uveitis. There are indications for obvious Th-1\/ IL21-Th17 pathways but also IL9-Th9 and increased IFN-\u03b3-inducing cytokine (IL12) and IFN-\u03b3-inducible CXC chemokine (IP-10). The combined data suggest that immune mediator expression is different among idiopathic uveitis. This study suggests various clusters among the idiopathic uveitis group rather than one specific uveitis entity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T18:48:17Z","timestamp":1642790897000},"page":"e0254972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors profile in human aqueous humor in idiopathic uveitis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8986-1795","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Errera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Pratas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0057-363X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sylvain","family":"Fisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Manicom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marouane","family":"Boubaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neila","family":"Sedira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"H\u00e9ron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilia","family":"Merabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Kobal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Warnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Chaumeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Brignole-Baudouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9-Alain","family":"Sahel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1547-7296","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pablo","family":"Goldschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahram","family":"Bodaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coralie","family":"Bloch-Queyrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0254972.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509852","article-title":"Adalimumab in Patients with Active Noninfectious Uveitis","volume":"375","author":"GJ Jaffe","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10050","key":"pone.0254972.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31339-3","article-title":"Adalimumab for prevention of uveitic flare in patients with inactive non-infectious uveitis controlled by corticosteroids (VISUAL II): a multicentre, double-masked, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"388","author":"QD Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0254972.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-008-0108-5","article-title":"New perspectives on effector mechanisms in uveitis","volume":"30","author":"D Luger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0254972.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-008-0108-5","article-title":"New perspectives on effector mechanisms in uveitis","volume":"30","author":"D Luger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"pone.0254972.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2006.00439.x","article-title":"Ocular autoimmunity: the price of privilege?","volume":"213","author":"RR Caspi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"pone.0254972.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1997.53","article-title":"T cell mechanisms in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis: susceptibility is a function of the cytokine response profile","volume":"11","author":"RR Caspi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254972.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(94)90141-4","article-title":"Differential tumor necrosis factor expression by resident retinal cells from experimental uveitis-susceptible and -resistant rat strains","volume":"55","author":"Y de Kozak","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"pone.0254972.ref008","first-page":"431","article-title":"Expression profile of inflammatory cytokines in aqueous from glaucomatous eyes","volume":"18","author":"J Chua","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"issue":"Suppl 111","key":"pone.0254972.ref009","first-page":"1","article-title":"Angiogenic Factors and Cytokines in Diabetic Retinopathy","author":"SF Abcouwer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Cell Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0254972.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jabs DA, Nussenblatt RB, Rosenbaum JT; Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005 Sep;140(3):509\u201316.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.057"},{"key":"pone.0254972.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.03.029","article-title":"Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating a Standardized Strategy for Uveitis Etiologic Diagnosis (ULISSE)","volume":"178","author":"A de Parisot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8697","key":"pone.0254972.ref012","first-page":"1078","article-title":"International Study Group for Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease","volume":"335","author":"Criteria for diagnosis of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0254972.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herbort CP, Rao NA, Mochizuki M; members of Scientific Committee of First International Workshop on Ocular Sarcoidosis. International criteria for the diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis: results of the first International Workshop On Ocular Sarcoidosis (IWOS). Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2009 May-Jun;17(3):160\u20139.","DOI":"10.1080\/09273940902818861"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0254972.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4251","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0444","article-title":"Multiplex bead immunoassay analysis of aqueous humor reveals distinct cytokine profiles in uveitis","volume":"46","author":"SJ Curnow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"pone.0254972.ref015","first-page":"2003","article-title":"Intraocular and serum cytokine profiles in patients with intermediate uveitis","volume":"17","author":"NV Valentincic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0254972.ref016","first-page":"990","article-title":"HLA antigens in the iris and aqueous humor gamma interferon levels in anterior uveitis","volume":"30","author":"D Abi-Hanna","year":"1989","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254972.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1998.00428.x","article-title":"Characterization of T cells and cytokines in the aqueous humour (AH) in patients with Fuchs\u2019 heterochromic cyclitis (FHC) and idiopathic anterior uveitis (IAU)","volume":"111","author":"M Muhaya","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254972.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00921.x","article-title":"Characterization of phenotype and cytokine profiles of T cell lines derived from vitreous humour in ocular inflammation in man","volume":"116","author":"M Muhaya","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0254972.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0836","article-title":"Cytokine profile in aqueous humor and sera of patients with infectious or noninfectious uveitis","volume":"47","author":"H Takase","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0254972.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20799","article-title":"Cytokines and Chemokines Involved in Acute Retinal Necrosis","volume":"58","author":"de Visser L","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254972.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1994.1122","article-title":"IFN-gamma induces IL-12 mRNA expression by a murine macrophage cell line, J774","volume":"198","author":"A Yoshida","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0254972.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(01)00011-8","article-title":"Regulation of ocular inflammation\u2014what experimental and human studies have taught us","volume":"20","author":"MD de Smet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0254972.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1086\/315155","article-title":"Elevated plasma concentrations of interferon (IFN)-gamma and the IFN-gamma-inducing cytokines interleukin (IL)-18, IL-12, and IL-15 in severe melioidosis","volume":"180","author":"FN Lauw","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0254972.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90528-6","article-title":"Elevated vitreous interleukin-10 level is not diagnostic of intraocular-central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"106","author":"EK Akpek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0254972.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)99035-2","article-title":"High levels of interleukin-12 in the aqueous humor and vitreous of patients with uveitis","volume":"105","author":"Y el-Shabrawi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0254972.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2011.01.014","article-title":"Cytokine profiles in aqueous humor of patients with different clinical entities of endogenous uveitis","volume":"139","author":"AM El-Asrar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254972.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.1.322","article-title":"Activation of NK cells by CC chemokines. Chemotaxis, Ca2+ mobilization, and enzyme release","volume":"156","author":"P Loetscher","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"25","key":"pone.0254972.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15049","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)77222-0","article-title":"Identification of CRG-2. An interferon-inducible mRNA predicted to encode a murine monokine","volume":"265","author":"P Vanguri","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0254972.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64126-0","article-title":"Cxcr3 and its ligand CXCL10 are expressed by inflammatory cells infiltrating lung allografts and mediate chemotaxis of T cells at sites of rejection","volume":"158","author":"C Agostini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"21","key":"pone.0254972.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2558","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4601.098010","article-title":"Expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligand IP-10 during human cardiac allograft rejection","volume":"104","author":"M Melter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"pone.0254972.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.2174\/1874613601711010024","article-title":"Plasma IP-10 Concentrations Correlate Positively with Viraemia and Inversely with CD4 Counts in Untreated HIV Infection","volume":"11","author":"K Mhandire","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open AIDS J"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0254972.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.561","article-title":"-gamma, IFN-gamma inducing cytokines, and IFN-gamma inducible CXC chemokines in visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"71","author":"A Hailu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0254972.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.141","article-title":"Infliximab therapy for refractory uveitis: 2-year results of a prospective trial","volume":"127","author":"EB Suhler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0254972.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1500","article-title":"The development of inflammatory T(H)-17 cells requires interferon-regulatory factor 4","volume":"8","author":"A Br\u00fcstle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0254972.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.265","article-title":"Upregulation of interleukin 21 and promotion of interleukin 17 production in chronic or recurrent Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"128","author":"F Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0254972.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.03.004","article-title":"Interleukin 21, interleukin 23, and transforming growth factor \u03b21 in HLA-A29-associated birdshot retinochoroidopathy","volume":"156","author":"P Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0254972.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0251","article-title":"Characterization of IL-17+ interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein-specific T cells in experimental autoimmune uveitis","volume":"48","author":"Y Y Peng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0254972.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4791","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.7.4791","article-title":"Activation of invariant NKT cells ameliorates experimental ocular autoimmunity by a mechanism involving innate IFN-gamma production and dampening of the adaptive Th1 and Th17 responses","volume":"181","author":"RS Grajewski","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"pone.0254972.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.3109\/08830189809043008","article-title":"Interleukin-17","volume":"16","author":"F Fossiez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254972.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.02.052","article-title":"Distinct cytokine and chemokine profiles in the aqueous of patients with uveitis and cystoid macular edema","volume":"142","author":"B van Kooij","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0254972.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI23215","article-title":"IL-10-producing and naturally occurring CD4+ Tregs: limiting collateral damage","volume":"114","author":"A O\u2019Garra","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0254972.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.55.2.4","article-title":"Interleukin-10 therapy\u2014review of a new approach","volume":"55","author":"K Asadullah","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0254972.ref043","first-page":"2659","article-title":"Analysis of immunoregulatory cytokines in ocular fluid samples from patients with uveitis","volume":"39","author":"JV Ongkosuwito","year":"1998","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254972.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2008.04.017","article-title":"Role of Th1 and Th17 cells in organ-specific autoimmunity","volume":"31","author":"V Dardalhon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0254972.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.01.001","article-title":"TGFbeta in the context of an inflammatory cytokine milieu supports de novo differentiation of IL-17-producing T cells","volume":"24","author":"M Veldhoen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"pone.0254972.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.12.020","article-title":"IL-9, a local growth factor for synovial T cells in inflammatory arthritis","volume":"79","author":"S Kundu-Raychaudhuri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0254972.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20140608","article-title":"T helper 9 cells induced by plasmacytoid dendritic cells regulate interleukin-17 in multiple sclerosis","volume":"129","author":"G Ruocco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0254972.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12807","article-title":"Interleukin-9 and T helper type 9 cells in rheumatic diseases","volume":"185","author":"F Ciccia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0254972.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.82.8.871","article-title":"Elevated serum IL-8 levels are associated with disease activity in idiopathic intermediate uveitis","volume":"82","author":"AM Klok","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0254972.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02184.x","article-title":"Serum interleukin-8 as a serologic marker of activity in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease","volume":"44","author":"G G\u00fcr-Toy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0254972.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.55.2.128","article-title":"Neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells and factors affecting adhesion in patients with Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease","volume":"55","author":"S Sahin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254972.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2015.03.002","article-title":"Increased CD1c+ mDC1 with mature phenotype regulated by TNF\u03b1-p38 MAPK in autoimmune ocular inflammatory disease","volume":"158","author":"P Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0254972.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken489","article-title":"Involvement of Th17 cells and the effect of anti-IL-6 therapy in autoimmune uveitis","volume":"48","author":"T Yoshimura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254972.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12295","article-title":"Interleukin-6 blockade in ocular inflammatory diseases","volume":"176","author":"M Mesquida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0254972.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(02)00777-4","article-title":"NFkappaB-dependent signaling pathways","volume":"30","author":"X Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254972.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/092739490500282","article-title":"Elevated levels of interleukin 6 in the vitreous fluid of patients with pars planitis and posterior uveitis: the Massachusetts eye & ear experience and review of previous studies","volume":"12","author":"VL Perez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0254972.ref057","first-page":"713","article-title":"High serum and synovial fluid granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"18","author":"H Nakamura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0254972.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00463-4","article-title":"The neutrophil in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"21","author":"MH Pillinger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0254972.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702071","article-title":"Investigation of the functional role played by the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in interleukin-1-induced murine peritonitis","volume":"125","author":"MN Ajuebor","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"pone.0254972.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689208999531","article-title":"Cytokines in human intraocular inflammation","volume":"11","author":"WA Franks","year":"1992","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0254972.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59666-0","article-title":"Analysis of inflammatory mediators in the vitreous humor of eyes with pan-uveitis according to aetiological classification","volume":"10","author":"H Fukunaga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0254972.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-014-0433-9","article-title":"Autoimmune and autoinflammatory mechanisms in uveitis","volume":"36","author":"RW Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"pone.0254972.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI42440","article-title":"A look at autoimmunity and inflammation in the eye","volume":"120","author":"RR Caspi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0254972.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2016.1158283","article-title":"HLA-B27 Anterior Uveitis: Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"24","author":"D Wakefield","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0254972.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.08.002","article-title":"Targeting interleukin-6 in autoimmune uveitis","volume":"16","author":"M Mesquida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254972","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T02:44:35Z","timestamp":1674528275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254972"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ashok","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254972","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]}}}