{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:15:25Z","timestamp":1747196125431,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"hungarian national research, development and innovation office","award":["FK128614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FK128614"]}]},{"name":"\u00fankp-20-4 new national excellence program of the ministry for innovation and technology from the source of the national research, development and innovation fund","award":["\u00daNKP-20-4-II-ELTE-419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u00daNKP-20-4-II-ELTE-419"]}]},{"name":"higher education institutional excellence programme of the ministry for innovation and technology in hungary, within the framework of the neurology thematic programme of the semmelweis university"},{"name":"research excellence programme of the ministry for innovation and technology in hungary, within the framework of the biotechnology thematic programme of the semmelweis university"},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office","award":["KKP126835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KKP126835"]}]},{"name":"MTA-SE-NAP B Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University","award":["KTIA_NAP_13-2-2015-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KTIA_NAP_13-2-2015-0001"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian Brain Research Program","award":["2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002"]}]},{"name":"hungarian national research, development and innovation office","award":["K111938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K111938"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTSQ) is a self-report measure that aims to capture rumination globally, unbiased by depressive symptoms. We explored its psychometric properties among university students (N = 1123), as the existing models about the factor structure of the RTSQ have been inconclusive. In a second study (N = 320) we tested its convergent validity compared to the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) and its construct validity compared to the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (ZSDS). The results of Study 1 suggest that the factor structure of the RTSQ is best described with a 19-item bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (ESEM), where most of the variance is explained by the general factor. The model was found to be invariant across genders. The correlations in Study 2 demonstrated that the RTSQ is congruent with the RRS, and that rumination captured by the RTSQ is rather maladaptive, as it was more strongly associated with the brooding subscale of the RRS than with reflective pondering. Significant positive associations were found with depressive symptoms, reaffirming the validity of the RTSQ due to the well-known association between rumination and depressive symptoms. Our results support that RTSQ assesses rumination globally, and it is a valid measure of ruminative thinking style that is rather negatively valenced but does not solely focus on depressive mood and symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T17:23:25Z","timestamp":1627320205000},"page":"e0254986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Validating the bifactor structure of the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire\u2014A psychometric study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lilla N\u00f3ra","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"Kocsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Galambos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Magi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5604-7551","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zsolt","family":"Demetrovics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6750-2644","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gy\u00f6ngyi","family":"K\u00f6k\u00f6nyei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0254986.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2008.10.003","article-title":"A 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