{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:34:46Z","timestamp":1790642086780,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grant of The Clinical Research Promotion Foundation 2020"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"japan society for the promotion of science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JP19K09931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19K09931"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Drusen are known to be the important hallmark to predict the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The prevalence of drusen is lower in Asians compared with Caucasians so that the role of signs constituting early AMD is not well established in Asian populations as in Western countries. In this study, we retrospectively investigated clinical characteristics and 5-year incidence of neovascular AMD (nAMD) in the fellow eye of unilateral nAMD patients. Of 296 consecutive unilateral nAMD patients who had been followed up more than 5 years, 170 typical AMD, 119 polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, and 7 retinal angiomatous proliferation were included. To examine factors associated with nAMD occurrence in the fellow eye, drusen and pigmentary abnormality in the fellow eye were classified into 4 categories; Category 1: no or small drusen &lt; 63 \u03bcm (37.2%), Category 2: 63\u2013125 \u03bcm medium drusen or pigmentary abnormality (22.2%), Category 3: large drusen &gt; 125 \u03bcm (25.0%), Category P: pachydrusen (15.5%). The mean sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was Category 1: 276 \u03bcm, Category 2: 308 \u03bcm, Category 3: 246 \u03bcm, and Category P: 302 \u03bcm, respectively. Of note, SFCT in Category 2 and Category P was significantly larger than those of Category 3. Finally, the 5-year incidence of nAMD in the fellow eye was 32\/296 (10.8%); Category 1: 0\/110 (0%), Category 2: 12\/66 (18.2%), Category 3: 20\/74 (27.0%), and Category P: 0\/46 (0%). Thus, signs of intermediate AMD (large drusen) as well as those of early AMD, especially the pigmentary abnormality, may contribute to development of bilateral nAMD in Japanese patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T17:29:01Z","timestamp":1627406941000},"page":"e0255213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Drusen and pigment abnormality predict the development of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Japanese patients"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7935-4244","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shoji","family":"Notomi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satomi","family":"Shiose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keijiro","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumiko","family":"Kano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichiro","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iori","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Kaizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2311-0280","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hidetaka","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Akiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koh-Hei","family":"Sonoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0255213.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.11.1484","article-title":"The Age-Related Eye Disease Study severity scale for age-related macular degeneration: AREDS Report No. 17","volume":"123","author":"MD Davis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0255213.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.11.1570","article-title":"A simplified severity scale for age-related macular degeneration: AREDS Report No. 18","volume":"123","author":"FL Ferris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0255213.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.07.017","article-title":"Ten-year incidence and progression of age-related maculopathy: the blue Mountains Eye Study","volume":"114","author":"JJ Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0255213.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.10.040","article-title":"Fifteen-year cumulative incidence of age-related macular degeneration: the Beaver Dam Eye Study","volume":"114","author":"R Klein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0255213.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.036","article-title":"Clinical classification of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"120","author":"FL Ferris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0255213.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.12.013","article-title":"Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in 4 racial\/ethnic groups in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"113","author":"R Klein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0255213.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.05.004","article-title":"Comparison of exudative age-related macular degeneration subtypes in Japanese and French Patients: multicenter diagnosis with multimodal imaging","volume":"158","author":"G Coscas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0255213.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16204","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16204","article-title":"Pachychoroid neovasculopathy and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"5","author":"M Miyake","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0255213.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001689","article-title":"DISEASE EXPRESSION IN NONEXUDATIVE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION VARIES WITH CHOROIDAL THICKNESS","volume":"38","author":"RF Spaide","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0255213.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2018.06.014","article-title":"Association between Choroidal Thickness and Drusen Subtypes in Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"2","author":"CMG Cheung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0255213.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30860-3","article-title":"Choroidal neovascularization in second eyes of patients with unilateral exudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"102","author":"B Chang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0255213.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.033","article-title":"Fellow Eye Comparisons for 7-Year Outcomes in Ranibizumab-Treated AMD Subjects from ANCHOR, MARINA, and HORIZON (SEVEN-UP Study)","volume":"123","author":"RB Bhisitkul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"pone.0255213.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.07.013","article-title":"Neovascularization in Fellow Eye of Unilateral Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration According to Different Drusen Types","volume":"208","author":"J Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0255213.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-017-0554-5","article-title":"A 5-year multicenter prospective cohort study on the long-term visual prognosis and predictive factors for visual outcome in Japanese patients with age-related macular degeneration: the AMD2000 study","volume":"62","author":"Y Akagi-Kurashige","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0255213.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-017-0556-3","article-title":"Baseline data from a multicenter, 5-year, prospective cohort study of Japanese age-related macular degeneration: an AMD2000 report","volume":"62","author":"A Tsujikawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0255213.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000317","article-title":"Early signs of exudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"91","author":"M Sasaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asians. Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0255213.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.017","article-title":"Nine-year incidence and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in a defined Japanese population the Hisayama study","volume":"116","author":"M Yasuda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0255213.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.06.007","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of age-related macular degeneration in the Japanese population: the Nagahama study","volume":"156","author":"I Nakata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0255213.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18487-4","article-title":"Gender-specific association of early age-related macular degeneration with systemic and genetic factors in a Japanese population","volume":"8","author":"M Sasaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0255213.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-309980","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with age-related macular degeneration in a southwestern island population of Japan: the Kumejima Study","volume":"102","author":"R Obata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0255213.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.11.015","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in an adult Japanese population: the Funagata study","volume":"115","author":"R Kawasaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0255213.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.3.23","article-title":"Dietary Saturated Fatty Acid Intake and Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Japanese Population","volume":"61","author":"M Sasaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0255213.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11906","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48494-6","article-title":"Clinical and genetic characteristics of pachydrusen in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"9","author":"Y Fukuda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0255213.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.11.019","article-title":"Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy: Definition, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management","volume":"125","author":"CMG Cheung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0255213.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm4050782","article-title":"Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in Asians","volume":"4","author":"CW Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0255213.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000331","article-title":"Pachychoroid neovasculopathy","volume":"35","author":"CE Pang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"pone.0255213.ref027","article-title":"Association of Choroidal Thickness with Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Japanese Population","author":"M Sasaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0255213.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002419","article-title":"DRUSEN SUBTYPES AND CHOROIDAL CHARACTERISTICS IN ASIAN EYES WITH TYPICAL NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION","volume":"40","author":"J Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0255213.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-0886-0","article-title":"Pachydrusen: the epidemiology of pachydrusen and its relevance to progression of pachychoroid disease spectrum","volume":"34","author":"J Sheth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0255213","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T17:29:24Z","timestamp":1627406964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0255213"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Demetrios G.","family":"Vavvas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0255213","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]}}}