{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:01:46Z","timestamp":1790686906460,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the past decades, <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>) have acquired extensive resistance to antibiotics; especially \u03b2- lactams. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase producers among <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> isolates and their correlation with serotypes, phylogenetic background, and pathogenicity associated islands. A total of 105 <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> strains were isolated and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing against \u03b2-lactam antibiotics. All isolates showed a high resistance profile. Resistant isolates were tested for ESBL and carbapenemase production. Fifty-three and 18 isolates were positive for ESBL and carbapenemase producers, respectively. ESBL and carbapenemase genes were detected by PCR. <jats:italic>TEM<\/jats:italic> gene was the most prevalent gene among all isolates followed by <jats:italic>SHV<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CTX-M15<\/jats:italic>. In carbapenemase-producers, <jats:italic>OXA-48<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IMP<\/jats:italic> were the predominant genes. Enteropathogenic <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> (EPEC) and Enterohemorrhagic <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> (EHEC) were the major producers of ESBL and carbapenemase, respectively as indicated by serodiagnosis. They were further assessed for the presence of pathogenicity islands (PAIs) and phylogenetic background. The most predominant DEC PAI and ExPEC PAI were HPI and IICFT073. Most clinically ESBL-producers were group D and B2 while environmentally ones were group B1 and A. On contrary, clinically carbapenemase-producers belonged to group C and D. In conclusion, our study confirms the importance of phylogenetic group D, B2, and C origin for antibiotic resistance in <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>. Ultimately, our findings support the fact that environmental isolates contribute to the local spread of <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> pathogenicity in Egypt and these isolates maybe serve as reservoirs for transmission of resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T17:27:14Z","timestamp":1627061234000},"page":"e0255219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Genetic characterization of extended-spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from Egyptian hospitals and environments"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Soha","family":"El-Shaer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6714-547X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shaymaa H.","family":"Abdel-Rhman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha","family":"Barwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramadan","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0255219.ref001","first-page":"218431","article-title":"Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections of Lebanese Patients between 2000 and 2009: Epidemiology and Profiles of Resistance.","volume":"2011","author":"Z Daoud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chemother Res Pract."},{"key":"pone.0255219.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2016-0101","article-title":"Foodborne enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: from gut pathogenesis to new preventive strategies involving probiotics.","volume":"12","author":"C Roussel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Future microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0255219.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000344","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000344","article-title":"Organised genome dynamics in the Escherichia coli species results in highly diverse adaptive paths","volume":"5","author":"M Touchon","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0255219.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12019","article-title":"The Clermont Escherichia coli phylo-typing method revisited: improvement of specificity and detection of new phylo-groups","volume":"5","author":"O Clermont","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0255219.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01461.x","article-title":"Pathogenicity island markers in commensal and uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates","volume":"12","author":"M Sabate","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"pone.0255219.ref006","unstructured":"WHO. http:\/\/www.who.int\/drugresistance\/documents\/surveillancereport\/en\/. 2014."},{"key":"pone.0255219.ref007","article-title":"Distribution of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii with blaADC-30 and induction of ADC-30 in response to beta-lactam antibiotics","author":"B Ingti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"pone.0255219.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taw102","article-title":"The ecology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in the developed world.","volume":"24","author":"Y Doi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Travel Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0255219.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.334.12647","article-title":"Phenotypic characterization of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase producing E. coli from healthy individuals, patients, sewage sludge, cattle, chickens and raw meat.","volume":"33","author":"R Saleem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0255219.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1710.110655","article-title":"Global spread of Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"17","author":"P Nordmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0255219.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuw005","article-title":"Escherichia coli: an old friend with new tidings","volume":"40","author":"J Vila","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0255219.ref012","volume-title":"Textbook of diagnostic microbiology.","author":"C Mahon","year":"2007"},{"key":"pone.0255219.ref013","unstructured":"CLSI. 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