{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T04:25:50Z","timestamp":1778127950686,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become the current health concern and threat to the entire world. Thus, the world needs the fast recognition of appropriate drugs to restrict the spread of this disease. The global effort started to identify the best drug compounds to treat COVID-19, but going through a series of clinical trials and our lack of information about the details of the virus\u2019s performance has slowed down the time to reach this goal. In this work, we try to select the subset of human proteins as candidate sets that can bind to approved drugs. Our method is based on the information on human-virus protein interaction and their effect on the biological processes of the host cells. We also define some informative topological and statistical features for proteins in the protein-protein interaction network. We evaluate our selected sets with two groups of drugs. The first group contains the experimental unapproved treatments for COVID-19, and we show that from 17 drugs in this group, 15 drugs are approved by our selected sets. The second group contains the external clinical trials for COVID-19, and we show that 85% of drugs in this group, target at least one protein of our selected sets. We also study COVID-19 associated protein sets and identify proteins that are essential to disease pathology. For this analysis, we use DAVID tools to show and compare disease-associated genes that are contributed between the COVID-19 comorbidities. Our results for shared genes show significant enrichment for cardiovascular-related, hypertension, diabetes type 2, kidney-related and lung-related diseases. In the last part of this work, we recommend 56 potential effective drugs for further research and investigation for COVID-19 treatment. Materials and implementations are available at: https:\/\/github.com\/MahnazHabibi\/Drug-repurposing<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T18:35:57Z","timestamp":1627583757000},"page":"e0255270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Topological network based drug repurposing for coronavirus 2019"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8969-2706","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Habibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Golnaz","family":"Taheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0255270.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0695-z","article-title":"The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it Sars-CoV-2","volume":"5","author":"AE Gorbalenya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Microbi"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0255270.ref002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Covid-19 drug therapy","volume":"1","author":"T Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elsev"},{"issue":"541","key":"pone.0255270.ref003","first-page":"1","article-title":"An orally bioavailable broad-spectrum antiviral inhibits sars-cov-2 in human airway epithelial cell cultures and multiple coronaviruses in mice. 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