{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:48:20Z","timestamp":1777492100627,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PsySTAR fellowship","award":["Grant Ref: MR\/J000914\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Ref: MR\/J000914\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Individual neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with premature mortality. Little is known about the association between multiple neurodevelopmental markers and premature mortality at a population level. The ESSENCE (Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations) approach considers multiple neurodevelopmental parameters, assessing several markers in parallel that cluster, rather than considering individual diagnostic categories in isolation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine whether childhood neurodevelopmental markers, including reduced intellectual functioning, are associated with all-cause premature mortality.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods and procedures<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In a general population cohort study (n = 12,150) with longitudinal follow up from childhood to middle age, Cox proportional hazard models were used to study the associations between childhood neurodevelopmental markers (Rutter B scale and IQ) and premature all-cause mortality.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Outcomes and results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The cognitive measures and 21 of the 26 Rutter B items were significantly associated with premature mortality in bivariate analyses with hazard ratios from 1.24 (95% CI 1.05\u20131.47) to 2.25 (95% CI 1.78\u20132.90). In the final adjusted model, neurodevelopmental markers suggestive of several domains including hyperactivity, conduct problems and intellectual impairment were positively associated with premature mortality and improved prediction of premature mortality.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A wide range of neurodevelopmental markers, including childhood IQ, were found to predict premature mortality in a large general population cohort with longitudinal follow up to 60\u201365 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec006\">\n<jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These findings highlight the importance of a holistic assessment of children with neurodevelopmental markers that addresses a range of neurodevelopmental conditions. Our findings could open the door to a shift in child public mental health focus, where multiple and\/or cumulative markers of neurodevelopmental conditions alert clinicians to the need for early intervention. This could lead to a reduction in the risk of broad health outcomes at a population level.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T17:39:16Z","timestamp":1629308356000},"page":"e0255649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Childhood neurodevelopmental markers and risk of premature mortality: Follow-up to age 60\u201365 years in the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Adele","family":"Warrilow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoff","family":"Der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sally-Ann","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2377-8945","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Helen","family":"Minnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill P.","family":"Pell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0255649.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.160192","article-title":"Premature mortality in autism spectrum disorde","volume":"208","author":"T Hirvikoski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9983","key":"pone.0255649.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61684-6","article-title":"Mortality in children, adolescents, and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"385","author":"S Dalsgaard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0255649.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713001402","article-title":"Adolescent conduct problems and premature mortality: follow-up to age 65 years in a national birth cohort","volume":"44","author":"B Maughan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"pone.0255649.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.02.029","article-title":"Mortality in individuals with disruptive behavior disorders diagnosed by specialist services\u2014A nationwide cohort study","volume":"251","author":"JG Scott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0255649.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12417","article-title":"Early death and causes of death of people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review","volume":"31","author":"L O\u2019Leary","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0255649.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12884","article-title":"Childhood neurodevelopmental disorders and risk of coercive sexual victimization in childhood and adolescence\u2013a population\u2010based prospective twin study","volume":"59","author":"V Ohlsson Gotby","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0255649.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12113","article-title":"Different neurodevelopmental symptoms have a common genetic etiology","volume":"54","author":"E Pettersson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0255649.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.06.002","article-title":"The ESSENCE in child psychiatry: Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations","volume":"31","author":"C. 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