{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T17:36:34Z","timestamp":1744220194152,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"national institutes of health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD46860"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD46860"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"national science foundation bridge to the doctorate fellowship","award":["1702361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1702361"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012651","name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012651","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite major advances made in malaria treatment and control over recent decades, the development of new models for studying disease pathogenesis remains a vital part of malaria research efforts. The study of malaria infection during pregnancy is particularly reliant on mouse models, as a means of circumventing many challenges and costs associated with pregnancy studies in endemic human populations. Here, we introduce a novel murine model that will further our understanding of how malaria infection affects pregnancy outcome. When C57BL\/6J (B6) mice are infected with<jats:italic>Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi<\/jats:italic>AS on either embryonic day (E) 6.5, 8.5, or 10.5, preterm birth occurs in all animals by E16.5, E17.5, or E18.5 respectively, with no evidence of intrauterine growth restriction. Despite having the same outcome, we found that the time to delivery, placental inflammatory and antioxidant transcript upregulation, and the relationships between parasitemia and transcript expression prior to preterm birth differed based on the embryonic day of infection. On the day before preterm delivery, E6.5 infected mice did not experience significant upregulation of the inflammatory or antioxidant gene transcripts examined; however, peripheral and placental parasitemia correlated positively with<jats:italic>Il1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Cox1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Cat<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Hmox1<\/jats:italic>placental transcript abundance. E8.5 infected mice had elevated transcripts for<jats:italic>Ifn\u03b3<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Tnf<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Il10<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Cox1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Cox2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Sod1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Sod2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Cat<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Nrf2<\/jats:italic>, while<jats:italic>Sod3<\/jats:italic>was the only transcript that correlated with parasitemia. Finally, E10.5 infected mice had elevated transcripts for<jats:italic>Ifn\u03b3<\/jats:italic>only, with a tendency for<jats:italic>Tnf<\/jats:italic>transcripts to correlate with peripheral parasitemia. Tumor necrosis factor deficient (TNF<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>) and TNF receptor 1 deficient (TNFR1<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>) mice infected on E8.5 experienced preterm birth at the same time as B6 controls. Further characterization of this model is necessary to discover the mechanism(s) and\/or trigger(s) responsible for malaria-driven preterm birth caused by maternal infection during early pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T17:29:51Z","timestamp":1647883791000},"page":"e0256060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A novel murine model of post-implantation malaria-induced preterm birth"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4909-0759","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alicer K.","family":"Andrew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caitlin A.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie M.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"reference":[{"journal-title":"Word Malaria Report 2021","year":"2021","author":"WHO","key":"pone.0256060.ref001"},{"key":"pone.0256060.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70021-X","article-title":"Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy","volume":"7","author":"M Desai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0256060.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5412","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.10.5412-5415.2002","article-title":"Selective accumulation of mature asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in the placenta","volume":"70","author":"JG Beeson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"pone.0256060.ref004","first-page":"85","article-title":"Placental Pathology in Malara: A Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Quantitative Study","volume":"31","author":"MR Ismail","year":"2000"},{"key":"pone.0256060.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031090","article-title":"Maternal malaria induces a procoagulant and antifibrinolytic state that is embryotoxic but responsive to anticoagulant therapy","volume":"7","author":"JW Avery","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0256060.ref006","unstructured":"WHO. 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