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However, this intervention is not free of risks and could cause adverse events, such as hyperactive uterine contraction, uterine rupture, and amniotic-fluid embolism. Our previous study using a new animal model showed that labor induced with high-dose oxytocin (OXT) in pregnant mice resulted in massive cell death in selective brain regions, specifically in male offspring. The affected brain regions included the prefrontal cortex (PFC), but a detailed study in the PFC subregions has not been performed. In this study, we induced labor in mice using high-dose OXT and investigated neonatal brain damage in detail in the PFC using light and electron microscopy. We found that TUNEL-positive or pyknotic nuclei and Iba-1-positive microglial cells were detected more abundantly in infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PL) cortex of the ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) in male pups delivered by OXT-induced labor than in the control male pups. These Iba-1-positive microglial cells were engulfing dying cells. Additionally, we also noticed that in the forceps minor (FMI) of the corpus callosum (CC), the number of TUNEL-positive or pyknotic nuclei and Iba-1-positive microglial cells were largely increased and Iba-1-positive microglial cells phagocytosed massive dying cells in male pups delivered by high-dose OXT-induced labor. In conclusion, IL and PL of the vmPFC and FMI of the CC, were susceptible to brain damage in male neonates after high-dose OXT-induced labor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T13:48:51Z","timestamp":1629985731000},"page":"e0256693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Susceptibility of subregions of prefrontal cortex and corpus callosum to damage by high-dose oxytocin-induced labor in male neonatal mice"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6587-7351","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eri","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3174-5684","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Masato","family":"Koike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Hirayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takehiko","family":"Sunabori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kameda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0152-7854","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Hioki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuo","family":"Itakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0256693.ref001","first-page":"164","article-title":"Rising rates of labour induction: present concerns and future strategies","volume":"100","author":"WF Rayburn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0256693.ref002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: final data for 2013","volume":"64","author":"JA Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0256693.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14487","article-title":"Guideline for Gynecological Practice in Japan: Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology and JapanAssociation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 2020 edition","volume":"47","author":"R Kawaguchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"pone.0256693.ref004","volume-title":"National institute for health and care excellence: Induction of labour [CG70]","year":"2008"},{"key":"pone.0256693.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.10.013","article-title":"Uterine rupture without previous caesarean delivery: a population-based cohort study","volume":"195","author":"DLA Thisted","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"9545","key":"pone.0256693.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69607-4","article-title":"Maternal Health Study Group of the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System. 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