{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:25:53Z","timestamp":1787905553785,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome (IC\/BPS) is not only a chronic urinary bladder pain syndrome but is also associated with multifactorial etiology. Our study aimed to test the hypothesis that IC\/BPS is associated with subsequent increased risks of outpatient visits and hospitalizations. Using nationwide database, the diagnoses were based on the International Classification Codes (ICD-9-CM) (595.1) of at least three outpatient services during 2002\u20132008, (n = 27,990) and cystoscopic finding Hunner type and\/or glomerulation with pre-audit criteria. All recruited cases monitored for subsequent outpatient visits and hospitalizations for 2 years, including all-cause and specialty-specific departments, were classified according to medical specialty and age group (&lt;40, 40\u201360, \u226560 years of age). IC\/BPS patients have more overall outpatient department (OPD) visits and an overall adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 1.64. As for specialty, IRRs were higher in psychiatry (2.75), Chinese medicine (2.01), and emergency medicine (2.00), besides urology and gynecology. The IRRs decreased as age advanced (2.01, 1.71, and 1.44, respectively), except for gynecology (2.42, 2.52, and 2.81). A similar phenomenon happens in hospitalization with IRR of 1.69. Due to claim data characteristics, whether ulcer type IC\/BPS findings can be deductive to non-ulcer type remains inclusive. Current results indicate the impacts of healthcare burden in broad spectrum about IC\/PBS patients. IC\/BPS has been suggested to be associated with lower threshold of healthcare visits and some coexisting disease and is comprised of systemic dysregulation, and is beyond the scope of local bladder-urethra disease. Adequate recognition of associated or comorbid factors and possible recommendation or referral for IC\/BPS patients can help provide better healthcare quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T17:48:38Z","timestamp":1631036918000},"page":"e0256800","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome patient is associated with subsequent increased risks of outpatient visits and hospitalizations: A population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kun-Lin","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Yen","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsia-Shu","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Yu","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5925-8477","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chung-Han","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven Kuan-Hua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao-Chi","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Ping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0256800.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.01.086","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome: AUA guideline amendment","volume":"193","author":"American Urological Association","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"S1","key":"pone.0256800.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13969","article-title":"Phenotyping of interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Y Akiyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"pone.0256800.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00931","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying overactive bladder and interstitial cystitis\/painful bladder syndrome","volume":"12","author":"L Grundy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0256800.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2014.10.003","article-title":"Bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis as a functional somatic syndrome","volume":"77","author":"JW Warren","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0256800.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E903","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.11539.x","article-title":"Comorbidities of bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis: a population-based study","volume":"110","author":"JJ Keller","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0256800.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.01.004","article-title":"Depressive disorders and panic attacks in women with bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis: a population-based sample","volume":"33","author":"KE Watkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0256800.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23421","article-title":"Psychosocial co-morbidities in interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome (ic\/bps): a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"LC McKernan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0256800.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.01.124","article-title":"Urologic Diseases in America Project. Interstitial cystitis and painful bladder syndrome","volume":"177","author":"CK Payne","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"pone.0256800.ref009","first-page":"7495081","article-title":"Risk of urinary tract carcinoma among subjects with bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"2018","author":"MP Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0256800.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.14065","article-title":"Risks of interstitial cystitis among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A population\u2010based cohort study","volume":"26","author":"JY Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0256800.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87522","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087522","article-title":"Health care service utilization among patients with bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis in a single payer healthcare system","volume":"9","author":"SD Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0256800.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000146114.53828.82","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of interstitial cystitis in a managed care population","volume":"173","author":"JQ Clemens","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Uro"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"pone.0256800.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E136","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.3786","article-title":"CUA guideline: Diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome","volume":"10","author":"A Cox","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0256800.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12437","article-title":"Association of dysmenorrhea with interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome: a case-control study","volume":"93","author":"SD Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0256800.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2017.6432","article-title":"Risk of developing comorbidities among women with endometriosis: a retrospective matched cohort study","volume":"27","author":"ES Surrey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0256800.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.12379","article-title":"Gynecological disorders in bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis patients","volume":"21","author":"M Cervigni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0256800.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2013.02.003","article-title":"The \u2018evil twin syndrome\u2019 in chronic pelvic pain: a systematic review of prevalence studies of bladder pain syndrome and endometriosis","volume":"11","author":"SA Tirlapur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0256800.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13975","article-title":"Low bladder capacity is an important predictor for comorbidity of interstitial cystitis with Hunner\u2019s lesion in patients with refractory chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome","volume":"26","author":"M Ueda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0256800.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.06.032","article-title":"Mental health diagnoses in patients with interstitial cystitis\/painful bladder syndrome and chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a case\/control study","volume":"180","author":"JQ Clemens","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0256800.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-014-0908-6","article-title":"Increased risks of healthcare-seeking behaviors of anxiety, depression and insomnia among patients with bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"47","author":"YC Chuang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0256800.ref021","first-page":"653","article-title":"The Chinese approach to complementary and alternative medicine treatment for interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome","volume":"4","author":"R Pang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0256800.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G301","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00272.2017","article-title":"Cross-organ sensitization between the colon and bladder: to pee or not to pee?","volume":"314","author":"L Grundy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0256800.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2011.15.1.41","article-title":"The influence of an overactive bladder on falling: a study of females aged 40 and older in the community.","volume":"15","author":"SJ Moon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Neurourol J"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0256800.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002413","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002413","article-title":"Overactive bladder symptom severity is associated with falls in community-dwelling adults: LOHAS study","volume":"3","author":"N Kurita","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0256800.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.04.009","article-title":"Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of symptoms suggestive of painful bladder syndrome: results from the Boston area community health survey","volume":"180","author":"CL Link","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0256800.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2000.00664.x","article-title":"Pelvic\u2010floor therapy and toilet training in young children with dysfunctional voiding and obstipation.","volume":"85","author":"H De Paepe","year":"2000","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0256800.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-007-0501-y","article-title":"Painful bladder syndrome\/interstitial cystitis and vulvodynia: a clinical correlation","volume":"19","author":"K Peters","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0256800.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.06.031","article-title":"Antecedent nonbladder syndromes in case-control study of interstitial cystitis\/painful bladder syndrome","volume":"73","author":"JW Warren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0256800.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.07.108","article-title":"International Interstitial Cystitis Study G. Clinical and psychological parameters associated with pain pattern phenotypes in women with interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome","volume":"193","author":"JC Nickel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0256800.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.06.005","article-title":"Interstitial cystitis\/painful bladder syndrome and associated medical conditions with an emphasis on irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"184","author":"JC Nickel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0256800.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2011.06.014","article-title":"Interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome and nonbladder syndromes: facts and hypotheses","volume":"78","author":"JW Warren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Urology"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0256800","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T17:49:00Z","timestamp":1631036940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0256800"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Peter F.W.M.","family":"Rosier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0256800","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]}}}