{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:49:59Z","timestamp":1791362999921,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Leading Research Groups support project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite numerous experimental studies presenting laparoscopic treatment of inguinal hernia in a pig model so far no described technique has been used in clinical patients of this species. Minimal invasiveness and the simplicity of closure of the inguinal canal using the Percutaneous Internal Ring Suturing (PIRS) technique makes it the world\u2019s first technique for laparoscopic treatment of inguinal hernia in pigs as clinical patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to assess the applicability and effectiveness of the laparoscopic PIRS technique in the treatment of inguinal hernia in pigs as clinical patients and to compare the PIRS technique with the open surgery technique, which is currently being used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was conducted on 22 non-castrated male pigs with inguinal hernia (clinical patients), divided into two equal groups: PIRS and open surgery (OS). In the PIRS group, the inner inguinal ring was closed with an optical trocar inserted at the umbilicus level and an injection needle with a suture material inserted percutaneously over the inguinal canal. The suture material was threaded through the inner inguinal ring and then tied, leaving the knot under the skin. As a result to this the inguinal canal was closed. In the OS group the procedure was performed with open access above the inguinal canal where, after dissection of the vaginal processus and reducing the contents of the hernia to the abdominal cavity, it was ligated as close to the inguinal canal as possible, and the wound was then closed in layers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All operated pigs returned to full fitness immediately after recovery from anesthesia. There was one case of hernia recurrence in the PIRS group. In the OS group all the operated pigs had a temporary swelling of the postoperative wound and the scrotum on the side of the operated inguinal hernia, which was not found in the PIRS group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec005\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effectiveness of the PIRS technique is comparable to that of open surgery. Considering the simplicity of the PIRS procedure and its minimal invasiveness, this technique may be used as an alternative to the open technique in the treatment of inguinal hernias in pigs not subjected to surgical castration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T22:02:58Z","timestamp":1630706578000},"page":"e0256890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous herniorrhaphy as an alternative to open surgery technique in farm swines"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3596-2990","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Prz\u0105dka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Liszka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Anto\u0144czyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Skrzypczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zdzis\u0142aw","family":"Kie\u0142bowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Patkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0256890.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2010.06.018","article-title":"Consumer attitudes towards castration of piglets and alternatives to surgical castration","volume":"90","author":"F Fredriksen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"pone.0256890.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2011.02.017","article-title":"Pig producer attitude towards surgical castration of piglets without anaesthesia versus alternative strategies","volume":"92","author":"FAM Tuyttens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"pone.0256890.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731109004674","article-title":"Practice on castration of piglets in Europe","volume":"3","author":"B Fredriksen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"pone.0256890.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1990.51.09.1501","article-title":"Heritability of susceptibility to scrotal herniation in swine","volume":"51","author":"DW Vogt","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"pone.0256890.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/143.4.1819","article-title":"Maximum likelihood analysis of rare binary traits under different modes of inheritance","volume":"143","author":"G Thaller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"pone.0256890.ref006","first-page":"1","article-title":"Postweaning mortality in commercial swine production. 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