{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:18:24Z","timestamp":1790381904802,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006261","name":"Taif University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TURSP-2020\/128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020\/128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the epidemiology of<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>and MRSA nasal carriage among people with diabetes at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, including the prevalence, predictors of carriage, and antibiotic resistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was cross-sectional, involving 300 diabetes patients and 106 non-diabetic individuals. Swab specimens of the nares were obtained from the participants and bacteriologically-cultured. Identification and characterization of<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>and MRSA were based on standard bacteriological methods; antimicrobial susceptibility testing was by the Kirby-Bauer method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of staphylococcal carriage, the diabetes group relative to the non-diabetes group, were 31.0% and 10.4% (<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>), and 3.3% and 0.0% (MRSA). Presence of diabetes predisposed to<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>carriage, but not MRSA nor coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) carriage (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>= 3.88;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.0001). Colonization with CoNS was protective of<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>= 0.039,<jats:italic>p &lt;<\/jats:italic>0.001) and MRSA (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>= 0.115,<jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic>0.043) colonization among the diabetics. The antimicrobial resistance patterns recorded among the<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>isolated from the diabetic individuals relative to the non-diabetics were as follows: penicillin (95% vs. 91%), tetracycline (37% vs. 27%), cotrimoxazole (30% vs. 36%), erythromycin (17% vs. 0%), norfloxacin (13% vs. 0%), clindamycin (12% vs. 0%), gentamicin (9% vs. 0%), fusidic acid (10% vs. 9%), linezolid (4% vs. 0%), and rifampicin (5% vs. 0%). The proportion of multidrug resistant<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>was 41% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 38) in the diabetes group and 0% in the non-diabetes group; this difference was statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence of diabetes predisposed the participants to<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>carriage by almost four folds, but not MRSA carriage. Colonization with CoNS was protective of<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>and MRSA carriage in the diabetes group. Finally, linezolid remains a good therapeutic agent for anti-MRSA therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T17:33:15Z","timestamp":1631899995000},"page":"e0257004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage among patients with diabetes at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ramzy B.","family":"Anafo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yacoba","family":"Atiase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fleischer C. 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