{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T04:24:46Z","timestamp":1791779086184,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study analyzed the association of functionally significant polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinases (<jats:italic>MMPs<\/jats:italic>) genes with the development of gastric ulcer (GU) in Caucasians from Central Russia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The 781 participants, including 434 patients with GU (196 <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>)-positive and 238 <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>-negative) and 347 controls (all <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>-negative) were recruited for the study. Ten SNPs of the <jats:italic>MMP1<\/jats:italic> (rs1799750), <jats:italic>MMP2<\/jats:italic> (rs243865), <jats:italic>MMP3<\/jats:italic> (rs679620), <jats:italic>MMP8<\/jats:italic> (rs1940475), and <jats:italic>MMP9<\/jats:italic> (rs3918242, rs3918249, rs3787268, rs17576, rs17577, and rs2250889) genes were considered for association with GU using multiple logistic regression. The SNPs associated with GU and loci linked (r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u22650.8) to them were analyzed <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic> for their functional assignments.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The SNPs of the <jats:italic>MMP9<\/jats:italic> gene were associated with <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>-positive GU: alleles C of rs3918249 (OR = 2.02, p<jats:sub>perm<\/jats:sub> = 0.008) and A of rs3787268 (OR = 1.60\u20131.82, p<jats:sub>perm<\/jats:sub> \u2264 0.016), and eight haplotypes of all studied <jats:italic>MMP9<\/jats:italic> gene SNPs (OR = 1.85\u20132.04, p<jats:sub>perm<\/jats:sub> \u2264 0.016) increased risk for <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>-positive GU. None of the analyzed SNPs was independently associated with GU and <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>-negative GU. Two haplotypes of the <jats:italic>MMP9<\/jats:italic> gene (contributed by rs3918242, rs3918249, rs17576, and rs3787268) increased risk for GU (OR = 1.62\u20131.65, p<jats:sub>perm<\/jats:sub> \u2264 0.006). Six loci of the <jats:italic>MMP9<\/jats:italic> gene, which are associated with <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>-positive GU, and 65 SNPs linked to them manifest significant epigenetic effects, have pronounced eQTL (17 genes) and sQTL (6 genes) values.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>SNPs of the <jats:italic>MMP9<\/jats:italic> were associated with <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>-positive GU but not with <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>-negative GU in Caucasians of Central Russia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T17:46:53Z","timestamp":1631036813000},"page":"e0257060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Association of the functionally significant polymorphisms of the MMP9 gene with H. pylori-positive gastric ulcer in the Caucasian population of Central Russia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2535-103X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Volodymyr","family":"Dvornyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Ponomarenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oksana","family":"Minyaylo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5429-6666","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Evgeny","family":"Reshetnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Churnosov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0257060.ref001","first-page":"236","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease and H. pylori Infection","volume":"91","author":"J Fashner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"pone.0257060.ref002","first-page":"571965","article-title":"Prevalence of Precancerous Conditions and Gastric Cancer Based upon the National Cancer Screening Program in Korea for 7 Years, Single Center Experience","volume":"2015","author":"JH Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"pone.0257060.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032015000100010","article-title":"Peptic ulcer frequency differences related to H. 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