{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:48:34Z","timestamp":1790095714926,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI130072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI130072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI135691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI135691"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI113617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI113617"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The human pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    proceeds through a multi phenotypic developmental cycle with each cell form specialized for different roles in pathogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms regulating this complex cycle has historically been hampered by limited genetic tools. In an effort to address this issue, we developed a translational control system to regulate gene expression in\n                    <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n                    using a synthetic riboswitch. Here we demonstrate that translational control via a riboswitch can be used in combination with a wide range of promoters in\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The synthetic riboswitch E, inducible with theophylline, was used to replace the ribosome binding site of the synthetic promoter T5-lac, the native chlamydial promoter of the\n                    <jats:italic>pgp4<\/jats:italic>\n                    plasmid gene and an anhydrotetracycline responsive promoter. In all cases the riboswitch inhibited translation, and high levels of protein expression was induced with theophylline. Combining the Tet transcriptional inducible promoter with the translational control of the riboswitch resulted in strong repression and allowed for the cloning and expression of the potent chlamydial regulatory protein, HctB. The ability to control the timing and strength of gene expression independently from promoter specificity is a new and important tool for studying chlamydial regulatory and virulence genes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T13:34:41Z","timestamp":1643290481000},"page":"e0257259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Translational gene expression control in Chlamydia trachomatis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nicole A.","family":"Grieshaber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis J.","family":"Chiarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cody R.","family":"Appa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Neiswanger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Peretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6570-8291","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Scott S.","family":"Grieshaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0257259.ref001","first-page":"197201","article-title":"The Estimated Direct Medical Cost of Selected Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States, 2008","volume":"40","author":"KJ Owusu-Edusei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"pone.0257259.ref002","first-page":"434437","article-title":"Productivity costs of nonviral sexually transmissible infections among patients who miss work to seek medical care: evidence from claims data.","volume":"10","author":"K Owusu-Edusei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Health."},{"key":"pone.0257259.ref003","first-page":"122131","article-title":"Surveillance for Sexually Transmitted Diseases","author":"EA Torrone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Concepts and Methods in Infectious Disease Surveillance"},{"key":"pone.0257259.ref004","first-page":"410","article-title":"Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections","volume":"15","author":"C Bbar","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect Off Publ Eur Soc Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0257259.ref005","first-page":"13531359","article-title":"Cytokine polymorphisms and severity of tubal damage in women with Chlamydia-associated infertility","volume":"199","author":"H Ohman","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0257259.ref006","first-page":"22292236","article-title":"Prevalence of chlamydial and gonococcal infections among young adults in the United States. 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