{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T05:12:34Z","timestamp":1783055554702,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is becoming a major public health problem globally; it is clear that the burden of MetS is rapidly increasing the rates of non-communicable diseases (NCD). In Ethiopia studies done so far have shown a large disparity in magnitude of the prevalence of MetS and were mainly institution-based studies. Therefore, this study assess the prevalence of MetS among adults who are residing in Gondar city using Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) assessment tool. The findings are imperative to developing and strengthening national NCD prevention and control programs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was conducted in Gondar city Northwest Ethiopia in 2018. It employs a community-based cross-sectional study design among 3,227 individuals 18 years of age or older. Data was collected using the WHO stepwise tool, lipid profile, blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC) body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose levels (FG), and anthropometric measurements. The prevalence estimation was made along with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The Kappa statistic was used to analyze the statistical agreement between ATP III and IDF definitions of the MetS. Stratified analysis was also performed for description and analysis components using ATP III and IDF as an outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the total study participants (3227), 3059 (94.8%) were included in the final analysis and 52.5% were female. The mean (\u00b1SD) age of the study participant was 40.8 years (16.2 \u00b1SD). The overall prevalence of MetS using ATP III was 11.2% [95%CI: 10.1, 12.3] and using IDF was 11.9% [95%CI: 10.8, 13.2]. The sex-specific proportion was high in females rather than males irrespective of the criteria. The overall level of agreement between ATP III and IDF prevalence was 91.7% and the Kappa statistics was 0.594. Older age, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, being female, born in an urban area, consumption of an alcoholic drink in the preceding 30 days, and non-fasting practice was significantly associated with MetS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Conclusion and recommendation<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome among females than males irrespective of metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria. This also shows good agreement between ATP III and IDF. Being female, urban birthplace, frequent alcohol consumption in the last 30 days, and non-fasting practice are factors associated with higher rates of metabolic syndrome. Hence, awareness campaigns, physical exercise, and nutrition education intervention should be undertaken to promote health behavioral practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T16:20:56Z","timestamp":1633710056000},"page":"e0257306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Magnitude of metabolic syndrome in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1150-2319","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Solomon Mekonnen","family":"Abebe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abayneh Girma","family":"Demisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shitaye","family":"Alemu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bewketu","family":"Abebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nebiyu","family":"Mesfin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0257306.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-018-0337-2","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome among overweight and obese adults in Palestinian refugee camps","volume":"10","author":"B Damiri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"pone.0257306.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0024","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome","volume":"29","author":"MA Cornier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"pone.0257306.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-019-1201-5","article-title":"Disease burden and associated risk factors for metabolic syndrome among adults in Ethiopia","volume":"19","author":"S Solomon","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"pone.0257306.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jegh.2013.02.002","article-title":"Prevalence of self-reported diabetes, hypertension and heart disease in individuals seeking State funding in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies","volume":"3","author":"D Chadee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"pone.0257306.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2018.09.511","article-title":"Global Atlas of Cardiovascular Disease 2000\u20132016: The Path to Prevention and Control","volume":"13","author":"H Thomas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"key":"pone.0257306.ref006","first-page":"410","article-title":"Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among 7\u201317 year-old overweight and obese children and adolescents","volume":"41","author":"D Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wei Sheng Yan Jiu"},{"key":"pone.0257306.ref007","first-page":"e6114","article-title":"Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight and Obese Patients and Their Measurement of Neck Circumference: A Cross-sectional Study","volume":"11","author":"AA Hai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"pone.0257306.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e121","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.008097","article-title":"Organizational update: the world health organization global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014; one more landmark step in the combat against stroke and vascular disease","volume":"46","author":"S Mendis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"pone.0257306.ref009","unstructured":"Willett WC, Koplan JP, Nugent R, Dusenbury C, Puska P, et al. 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