{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:50:49Z","timestamp":1792605049042,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"national research foundation of korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018R1A5A2024418"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A5A2024418"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"national research foundation of korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020R1A2C2007038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C2007038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"national research foundation of korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019R1A2C1002350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A2C1002350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most prevalent oral mucosal diseases, but there is no cure for OLP yet. The aim of this study was to gain insights into the role of barrier dysfunction and infection in OLP pathogenesis through analysis of transcriptome datasets available in public databases. Two transcriptome datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and analyzed as whole and as partial sets after removing outliers. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) upregulated in the dataset of OLP versus healthy epithelium were significantly enriched in epidermal development, keratinocyte differentiation, keratinization, responses to bacterial infection, and innate immune response. In contrast, the upregulated DEGs in the dataset of the mucosa predominantly reflected chemotaxis of immune cells and inflammatory\/immune responses. Forty-three DEGs overlapping in the two datasets were identified after removing outliers from each dataset. The overlapping DEGs included genes associated with hyperkeratosis (upregulated<jats:italic>LCE3E<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>TMEM45A<\/jats:italic>), wound healing (upregulated<jats:italic>KRT17<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>IL36G<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>TNC<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>TGFBI<\/jats:italic>), barrier defects (downregulated<jats:italic>FRAS1<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>BCL11A<\/jats:italic>), and response to infection (upregulated<jats:italic>IL36G<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>ADAP2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>DFNA5<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>RFTN1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>LITAF<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>TMEM173<\/jats:italic>). Immunohistochemical examination of IL-36\u03b3, a protein encoded by one of the DEGs<jats:italic>IL36G<\/jats:italic>, in control (n = 7) and OLP (n = 25) tissues confirmed the increased expression of IL-36\u03b3 in OLP. Collectively, we identified gene signatures associated with hyperkeratosis, wound healing, barrier defects, and response to infection in OLP. IL-36\u03b3, a cytokine involved in both wound repair and antimicrobial defense, may be a possible therapeutic target in OLP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T17:42:07Z","timestamp":1631295727000},"page":"e0257356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Gene signatures associated with barrier dysfunction and infection in oral lichen planus identified by analysis of transcriptomic data"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Phuc Thi-Duy","family":"Vo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Shim","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hae Ryoun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahreum","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Hee","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6496-5560","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Youngnim","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0257356.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2010.00946.x","article-title":"Pathogenesis of oral lichen planus\u2013a review","volume":"39","author":"MR Roopashree","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"pone.0257356.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13323","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence of oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"M\u00c1 Gonz\u00e1lez-Moles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"pone.0257356.ref003","article-title":"An appraisal of highest quality studies reporting malignant transformation of oral lichen planus based on a systematic review","author":"M\u00c1 Gonz\u00e1lez-Moles","journal-title":"Oral Dis. 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