{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T22:31:33Z","timestamp":1791757893096,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"research and publication office, university of chittagong","award":["6427\/Re\/Plan\/Pub\/Div\/CU\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6427\/Re\/Plan\/Pub\/Div\/CU\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of multidrug resistance and molecular characterization of\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n (KPN) from clinical isolates in the southern region of Bangladesh. Additional analysis of the prevalence of\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n \n NDM-1<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n \n SHV-11<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n ,\n uge<\/jats:italic>\n genes of KPN was also carried out among these clinical isolates.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method<\/jats:title>\n \n The study was carried out using 1000 clinical isolates collected from two different hospitals of Chattogram. A drug susceptibility test was performed by the disk diffusion method to detect KPN\u2019s response to 16 antibiotics. The presence of antibiotic-resistant and (or) virulent genes\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n \n NDM-1<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n \n SHV<\/jats:italic>\n -11\n <\/jats:sub>\n ,\n uge<\/jats:italic>\n were investigated using the PCR technique. Isolates having\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n \n NDM-1<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n \n SHV-11<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n ,\n uge<\/jats:italic>\n gene were further validated by sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic relationships among these isolates were determined by Clustal omega and MEGA7.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Result<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 79%, 77%, 74.9%, 71%, 66% and 65% isolates exhibited resistance against cefuroxime, cefixime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime and ceftriaxone respectively. The frequency of resistance to other antibiotics varied from 26.5% to 61.8%. PCR analysis showed that 64% of strains harbored\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n \n NDM-1<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n gene, and 38% strains harbored\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n \n SHV-11<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n gene. Moreover, 47% of samples were carrying\n uge<\/jats:italic>\n gene, and 19% of samples carried\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n \n NDM-1<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n \n SHV-11<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n ,\n uge<\/jats:italic>\n genes together.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n In this study, we\u2019ve analysed the pattern of expression as well as prevalence of bla\n \n NDM-1<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n , bla\n \n SHV-11<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n , and uge genes in Klebsiella isolates. Upon molecular and statistical analysis, we found a high prevalence of multi-drug resistance KPN strains in the isolates. The\n Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n isolates were confirmed to harbor multiple ESBL genes and 64% of the isolates were found to be producing NDM-1. As multidrug resistance is an alarming issue, continuous surveillance and routine clinical detection of resistant bacteria and plasmids are necessary to prevent catastrophic public health incidents.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T13:53:15Z","timestamp":1631281995000},"page":"e0257419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Prevalence and molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance and associated genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates: A clinical observational study in different hospitals in Chattogram, Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Afroza Akter","family":"Tanni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5769-5224","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md. 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