{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T07:19:23Z","timestamp":1771571963121,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>The long-term use of contraceptive methods that contain estrogens, progestogens or combinations of the above among women aged 15 to 49 years is extensive. Both estrogens and progestogens affect bone metabolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To systematically investigate and appraise the quality of the available evidence from animal studies regarding the impact of exogenous administration of female sex hormones on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Search methods<\/jats:title>Search without restriction in seven databases (including grey literature) and hand searching were performed until May 2021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Selection criteria<\/jats:title>We looked for controlled animal studies investigating the effect from exogenous administration of formulations containing female sex hormones on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Data collection and analysis<\/jats:title>After study retrieval and selection, relevant data was extracted, and the risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE\u2019s Risk of Bias Tool. The quality of available evidence was assessed with the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Three studies were identified, all being at unclear risk of bias. Overall, administration of progesterone and the combinations of estradiol with norgestrel and desogestrel were shown to significantly decrease the rate of orthodontic tooth movement when given for longer periods (>3 weeks). Inconsistent information was detected for shorter periods of consumption. Estradiol, with desogestrel use, resulted in less root resorption. The quality of the available evidence was considered to be low.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Exogenous administration of female sex hormones may decelerate in the long term the rate of tooth movement and decrease orthodontically induced root resorption in animals. Until more information becomes available, an orthodontist should be able to identify a patient consuming such substances and understand the potential clinical implications and adverse effects that may arise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Registration<\/jats:title>PROSPERO:CRD42017078208<\/jats:ext-link>;https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T20:04:57Z","timestamp":1632859497000},"page":"e0257778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Does exogenous female sex hormone administration affect the rate of tooth movement and root resorption? A systematic review of animal studies"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0513-5110","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eleftherios G.","family":"Kaklamanos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miltiadis A.","family":"Makrygiannakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athanasios E.","family":"Athanasiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0257778.ref001","volume-title":"National Health Statistics Reports; no 62","author":"K Daniels","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/13625180410001715681","article-title":"Contraceptive use and behavior in the 21st century: a comprehensive study across five European countries","volume":"9","author":"SO Skouby","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref003","volume-title":"NCHS Data Brief, no 388","author":"K Daniels","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119608912.ch7","volume-title":"Biological mechanisms of tooth movement","author":"SH Windahl","year":"2021","edition":"3"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1586\/17512433.2015.1099432","article-title":"The safety and tolerability profile of therapies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women","volume":"8","author":"BS Komm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1435-x","article-title":"Estrogen-based hormone therapy in women with primary ovarian insufficiency: a systematic review","volume":"58","author":"N Burgos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000526","article-title":"Vaginal estrogen for genitourinary syndrome of menopause: a systematic review","volume":"124","author":"DD Rahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2016.27.e8","article-title":"Therapeutic options for management of endometrial hyperplasia","volume":"27","author":"V Chandra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref009","first-page":"618","article-title":"Differential diagnosis and management of abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescence","volume":"69","author":"T Motta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Minerva Ginecol"},{"issue":"2012","key":"pone.0257778.ref010","first-page":"CD003415","article-title":"Progesterone for premenstrual syndrome","volume":"14","author":"O Ford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"issue":"Suppl 161","key":"pone.0257778.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12770","article-title":"Clinical use of progesterone in infertility and assisted reproduction","volume":"94","author":"W Ciampaglia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00683-8","article-title":"Sporadic miscarriage: evidence to provide effective care","volume":"397","author":"A Coomarasamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2015.1121982","article-title":"Dydrogesterone use in early pregnancy","volume":"32","author":"FG Mirza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref014","volume-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics","author":"WR Proffit","year":"2018","edition":"6"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy001","article-title":"Does common prescription medication affect the rate of orthodontic tooth movement? A systematic review","volume":"40","author":"MA Makrygiannakis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy048","article-title":"Effects of systemic medication on root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review of animal studies","volume":"4","author":"MA Makrygiannakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy079","article-title":"Does long-term use of pain relievers have an impact on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement? A systematic review of animal studies","volume":"41","author":"MA Makrygiannakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod."},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12357","article-title":"Do analgesics used for the pain experienced after orthodontic procedures affect tooth movement rate? A systematic review based on animal studies","volume":"23","author":"EG Kaklamanos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res."},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjz063","article-title":"Does medication administration affect the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption development in humans? A systematic review","volume":"42","author":"EG Kaklamanos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod."},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12411","article-title":"Could medications and biologic factors affect post-orthodontic tooth movement changes? A systematic review of animal studies","volume":"24","author":"EG Kaklamanos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res."},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-285-4_1","volume-title":"Sourcebook of models in biomedical research","author":"J Hau","year":"2008"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-285-4_44","volume-title":"Sourcebook of models in biomedical research","author":"D Chakraborty","year":"2008"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-397175-3.00026-0","volume-title":"Knobil and Neill\u2019s Physiology of Reproduction","author":"JE Levine","year":"2015","edition":"4"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref024","first-page":"g7647","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation","volume":"350","author":"L Shamseer","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed.)"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.02.003","article-title":"Updating guidance for reporting systematic reviews: development of the PRISMA 2020 statement.","volume":"134","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Epidem."},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2019","edition":"2"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-01542-z","article-title":"PRISMA-S: an extension to the PRISMA Statement for Reporting Literature Searches in Systematic Reviews","volume":"10","author":"ML Rethlefsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"System Rev."},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139020879","volume-title":"Statistical Principles for the Design of Experiments","author":"R Mead","year":"2012"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref029","volume-title":"The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory and Other Research Animals","author":"J Kirkwood","year":"2010","edition":"8"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/26.5.483","article-title":"The rat as a model for orthodontic tooth movement\u2014a critical review and a proposed solution","volume":"26","author":"Y Ren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod."},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308200109","article-title":"Age effect on orthodontic tooth movement in rats","volume":"82","author":"Y Ren","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-43","article-title":"SYRCLE\u2019s risk of bias tool for animal studies","volume":"14","author":"CR Hooijmans","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol."},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1411","article-title":"Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): An R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments","volume":"12","author":"LA McGuinness","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods."},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables","volume":"64","author":"G Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref035","first-page":"483","article-title":"Progesterone effects on experimental tooth movement in rabbits","volume":"37","author":"M Poosti","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Calif Dent Assoc"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.18048","article-title":"The effect of oral contraceptives on orthodontic tooth movement in rat","volume":"18","author":"P Olyaee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref037","first-page":"127","article-title":"Effect of combined oral contraceptives on orthodontic tooth movement in a female rat model","volume":"35","author":"J Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aust Orthod J"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2016.11.005","article-title":"Choosing the right oral contraceptive pill for teens","volume":"64","author":"A Powell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref039","volume-title":"Contraceptive Technology: Twentieth Revised Edition","author":"RA Hatcher","year":"2011"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra000471","article-title":"Production and actions of estrogens","volume":"346","author":"CJ Gruber","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.6.8288","article-title":"Perspective: female steroid hormone action","volume":"142","author":"OM Conneely","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(02)00594-5","article-title":"Elucidation of estrogen receptor function in bone with the use of mouse models","volume":"13","author":"SH Windahl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3388021","article-title":"Evidence of estrogen receptors in normal human osteoblast-like cells","volume":"241","author":"EF Eriksen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.07.025","article-title":"Estrogen prevents bone loss via estrogen receptor alpha and induction of Fas ligand in osteoclasts","volume":"130","author":"T Nakamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8836","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M010764200","article-title":"Estrogen decreases osteoclast formation by down-regulating receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced JNK activation","volume":"276","author":"S Srivastava","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2016.01072","article-title":"The interconnected role of chemokines and estrogen in bone metabolism","volume":"10","author":"Y Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28550","article-title":"Estrogen deficiency and bone loss: an inflammatory tale","volume":"116","author":"MN Weitzmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2015.06.006","article-title":"The pathophysiology and treatment of osteoporosis","volume":"37","author":"MT Drake","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.11.097","article-title":"Mechanisms of sex steroid effects on bone","volume":"328","author":"F Syed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2007-0014","article-title":"Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand and osteoprotegerin regulation of bone remodeling in health and disease","volume":"29","author":"AE Kearns","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-127-3-1346","article-title":"Estrogen inhibition of periosteal bone formation in rat long bones: down-regulation of gene expression for bone matrix proteins","volume":"127","author":"RT Turner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2007.06.008","article-title":"Estrogen deficiency, T cells and bone loss","volume":"252","author":"R Pacifici","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.12.005","article-title":"Estrogen receptor \u03b1 in osteocytes regulates trabecular bone formation in female mice","volume":"60","author":"S Kondoh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-213587","article-title":"Inactivation of estrogen receptor \u03b1 in bone-forming cells induces bone loss in female mice","volume":"27","author":"JA M\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref055","first-page":"502","article-title":"Physiological action of progesterone in target tissues","volume":"18","author":"JD Graham","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1993.2077","article-title":"Evidence for progesterone receptors in human osteoblast-like cells","volume":"195","author":"LL Wei","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00301947","article-title":"\u2019Shaughnessy C, Manduca P, Loughrey HC. Progesterone receptors are expressed in human osteoblast-like cell lines and in primary human osteoblast cultures","volume":"57","author":"O MacNamara P","year":"1995","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650050511","article-title":"Sex steroid hormone receptors in normal and dysplastic bone disorders in children","volume":"5","author":"JM Pensler","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref059","article-title":"The Relationship Between Bone and Reproductive Hormones Beyond Estrogens and Androgens","author":"EG Mills","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine Rev"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.03.006","article-title":"Altered circulating levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and their inhibitors and effect of progesterone supplementation in women with endometriosis undergoing in vitro fertilization","volume":"100","author":"AK Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719113493514","article-title":"Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 as the mediator of the inhibitory effect of progestins on cytokine-induced matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity in vitro","volume":"21","author":"TK Allen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod Sci."},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910208100610","article-title":"Estrous-cycle-dependent variation in orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"81","author":"N Haruyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref063","first-page":"315","article-title":"Pharmacodynamics of combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives: 1. Effects on metabolism","volume":"10","author":"C Bastianelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000595","article-title":"Oral contraceptive use and fracture risk around the menopausal transition","volume":"23","author":"D Scholes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556007","article-title":"Long-term effects of ovariectomy and aging on the rat skeleton","volume":"45","author":"TJ Wronski","year":"1989","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref066","article-title":"Effect of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis on the amount of orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review of animal studies","author":"AO Mohammed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod."},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref067","first-page":"55","article-title":"Effects of estrogen on experimental tooth movement in osteoporosis rats","volume":"35","author":"Z Jin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chin J Stomatol"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2020.104820","article-title":"Estrogen protects dental roots from orthodontic-induced inflammatory resorption","volume":"117","author":"ERS Amaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(94)70048-6","article-title":"Anchorage and retentive effects of a bisphosphonate (AHBuBP) on tooth movements in rats","volume":"106","author":"K Igarashi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Orthodont Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118702925","volume-title":"Adult orthodontics","author":"B Melsen","year":"2012"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2017.07.009","article-title":"Relapse revisited\u2014Animal studies and its translational application to the orthodontic office","volume":"23","author":"JC Maltha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref072","volume-title":"British National Formulary 73","author":"Joint Formulary Committee","year":"2017"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref073","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Goodman and Gilman\u2019s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","author":"ILO Buxton","year":"2011","edition":"12"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.2.5751","article-title":"Interspecies differences in bone composition, density, and quality: potential implications for in vivo bone research","volume":"139","author":"J Aerssens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000351894","article-title":"Periodontal ligament and alveolar bone in health and adaptation: tooth movement","volume":"18","author":"N Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Oral Biol"},{"key":"pone.0257778.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1159\/000351895","article-title":"Graves, DT. Cellular and molecular aspects of bone remodeling","volume":"18","author":"W Xiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Oral Biol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0257778","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T17:40:17Z","timestamp":1673372417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0257778"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Spyridon N.","family":"Papageorgiou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0257778","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]}}}