{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T15:27:06Z","timestamp":1780673226457,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"deanship of scientific research (dsr), university of tabuk, tabuk","award":["(S-1441-0080)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(S-1441-0080)"]}]},{"name":"Taif University Researchers Supporting Program","award":["TURSP-2020\/153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020\/153"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Globally, iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) remains a major health obstacle. This health condition has been identified in 47% of pre-school students (aged 0 to 5 years), 42% of pregnant females, and 30% of non-pregnant females (aged 15 to 50 years) worldwide according to the WHO. Environmental and genetic factors play a crucial role in the development of IDA; genetic testing has revealed the association of a number of polymorphisms with iron status and serum ferritin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study aims to reveal the association of<jats:italic>TMPRSS6<\/jats:italic>rs141312 and<jats:italic>BMP2<\/jats:italic>rs235756 with the iron status of females in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cohort of 108 female university students aged 18\u201325 years was randomly selected to participate: 50 healthy and 58 classified as iron deficient. A 3\u20135 mL sample of blood was collected from each one and analyzed based on hematological and biochemical iron status followed by genotyping by PCR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The genotype distribution of<jats:italic>TMPRSS6<\/jats:italic>rs141312 was 8% (TT), 88% (TC) and 4% (CC) in the healthy group compared with 3.45% (TT), 89.66% (TC) and 6.89% (CC) in the iron-deficient group (<jats:italic>P = 0<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>492<\/jats:italic>), an insignificant difference in the allelic distribution. The genotype distribution of<jats:italic>BMP2<\/jats:italic>rs235756 was 8% (TT), 90% (TC) and 2% (CC) in the healthy group compared with 3.45% (TT), 82.76% (TC) and 13.79% (CC) in iron-deficient group (<jats:italic>P = 0<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>050<\/jats:italic>) and was significantly associated with decreased ferritin status (P = 0.050). In addition,<jats:italic>TMPRSS6<\/jats:italic>rs141312 is significantly (<jats:italic>P&lt;0<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>001<\/jats:italic>) associated with dominant genotypes (TC+CC) and increased risk of IDA while<jats:italic>BMP2<\/jats:italic>rs235756 is significantly<jats:italic>(P&lt;0<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>026)<\/jats:italic>associated with recessive homozygote CC genotypes and increased risk of IDA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec005\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our finding potentially helps in the early prediction of iron deficiency in females through the genetic testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T18:31:27Z","timestamp":1637001087000},"page":"e0257895","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association of SNPs within TMPRSS6 and BMP2 genes with iron deficiency status in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Osama M.","family":"Al-Amer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8762-4999","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Atif Abdulwahab A.","family":"Oyouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0188-1634","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammed Ali","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Alasmari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Othman R.","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad Ali S.","family":"Aljohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noura","family":"Alasmael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6152-7709","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Theyab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Algahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadeel","family":"Al Sadoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalaf F.","family":"Alsharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Hamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wed A.","family":"Abdali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1901-697X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yousef MohammedRabaa","family":"Hawasawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0257895.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980008002401","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, 1993\u20132005","volume":"12","author":"E. 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