{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:28:00Z","timestamp":1793042880381,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002708","name":"Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G950\/BACGL 2015\/AO\/PFD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G950\/BACGL 2015\/AO\/PFD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Gabon-Oregon Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Data on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic> in African wildlife are still relatively limited. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of phenotypic intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance of enterobacteria from several species of terrestrial wild mammals in national parks of Gabon. Colony culture and isolation were done using MacConkey agar. Isolates were identified using the VITEK 2 and MALDI-TOF methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was analysed and interpreted according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines. The preliminary test for ESBL-producing <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic> was performed by replicating enterobacterial colonies on MacConkey agar supplemented with 2 mg\/L cefotaxime (MCA+CTX). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was confirmed with the double-disc synergy test (DDST). The inhibition zone diameters were read with SirScan. Among the 130 bacterial colonies isolated from 125 fecal samples, 90 enterobacterial isolates were identified. <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (61%) was the most prevalent, followed by <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic> (8%), <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic> (8%), <jats:italic>Klebsiella variicola<\/jats:italic> (7%), <jats:italic>Klebsiella aerogenes<\/jats:italic> (7%), <jats:italic>Klebsiella oxytoca<\/jats:italic> (4%), <jats:italic>Citrobacter freundii<\/jats:italic> (3%), <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (1%) and <jats:italic>Serratia marcescens<\/jats:italic> (1%). Acquired resistance was carried by <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> (11% of all <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> isolates) and <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>cloacae<\/jats:italic> (3% of all <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>cloacae<\/jats:italic>) isolates, while intrinsic resistance was detected in all the other resistant isolates (n = 31); <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>variicola<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>oxytoca<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>cloacae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aerogenes<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>marcescens<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>mirabilis<\/jats:italic>). Our data show that most strains isolated in protected areas in Gabon are wild type isolates and carry intrinsic resistance rather than acquired resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T22:04:34Z","timestamp":1634076274000},"page":"e0257994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["High level of intrinsic phenotypic antimicrobial resistance in enterobacteria from terrestrial wildlife in Gabonese national parks"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Pierre Philippe","family":"Mbehang Nguema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0461-4670","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard","family":"Onanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy Roger","family":"Ndong Atome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Jules","family":"Tewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ars\u00e8ne","family":"Mabika Mabika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Ulrich","family":"Muandze Nzambe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Constant","family":"Obague 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