{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T03:52:18Z","timestamp":1769313138692,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Heat shock proteins can protect against stress-associated cellular challenges, but they can also protect some tumors from human immune system monitoring. Heat shock protein 105 (HSP105\/110) is a high molecular weight protein whose expression has been reported in many cancers, but few studies on its role in cutaneous malignant melanoma have been published. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between HSP105 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of CMM.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This retrospective study included 91 patients with CMM. The clinicopathological characteristics of CMM patients, including age, lesion duration, location, pathological classification, Clark\u2019s level, Breslow thickness, metastasis and recurrence, were collected. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis for HSP105 were performed. Pigmented nevi (n = 20) served as a control. The staining intensity and percentage of stained cells were expressed as a histochemical score (HSCORE).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>HSP105 was overexpressed in melanoma compared with nevi. Differences in the HSCORE between nevi (HSCORE = 1.05(0.15,1.50)) and CMM (HSCORE = 2.68(1.80,3.60)) were remarkable (P&lt;0.001). Exposed site lesions, recurrent and metastatic lesions, nodular melanoma and lentigo maligna melanoma were closely associated with higher HSP105 expression (P = 0.011, P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, no significant difference was observed in Clark\u2019s level, Breslow thickness, or lesion duration (P&gt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>HSP105 is overexpressed in CMM. Higher HSP105 expression in lesions is associated with different clinicopathological variables. HSP105 may be a potential target for the diagnosis, treatment and prognostic prediction of CMM.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T03:17:34Z","timestamp":1633663054000},"page":"e0258053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["HSP105 expression in cutaneous malignant melanoma: Correlation with clinicopathological characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ke-Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng-Zeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1098-7542","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sheng","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0258053.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.2174\/092986712800099767","article-title":"Radiation-induced stress proteins\u2014the role of heat shock proteins (HSP) in anti- tumor responses","volume":"19","author":"TE Schmid","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.04.114","article-title":"Characterization of stress sensitivity and chaperone activity of Hsp105 in mammalian cells","volume":"409","author":"N Yamagishi","year":"2011","journal-title":"BiochemBiophys Res Commun"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1379\/CSC-99r.1","article-title":"Heat shock proteins in cancer: diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and treatment implications","volume":"10","author":"DR Ciocca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12141","article-title":"The association between trauma and melanoma in the Chinese population: a retrospective study","volume":"28","author":"N Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref005","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Cutaneous melanoma: From pathogenesis to therapy (Review)","volume":"52","author":"GC Leonardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2005.00093.x","article-title":"DNA vaccination of HSP105 leads to tumor rejection of colorectal cancer and melanoma in mice through activation of both CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells","volume":"96","author":"M Miyazaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-019-0622-9","article-title":"The Potential of Targeting P53 and HSP90 Overcoming Acquired MAPKi-Resistant Melanoma","volume":"20","author":"CC Hsieh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2006.06.007","article-title":"Hsp105 family proteins suppress staurosporine-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the translocation of Bax to mitochondria in HeLa cells","volume":"312","author":"N Yamagishi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref009","first-page":"75","article-title":"Unfolding the Role of Large Heat Shock Proteins: New Insights and Therapeutic Implications","volume":"7","author":"D Zuo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2006.00217.x","article-title":"Synthetic small interfering RNA targeting heat shock protein 105 induces apoptosis of various cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo","volume":"97","author":"S Hosaka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e730","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.17007","article-title":"The expression of heat shock proteins 27 and 105 in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and relationship with clinicopathological index","volume":"16","author":"N Mohtasham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref012","first-page":"603","article-title":"Prognostic significance of heat shock protein 105 in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"2","author":"T Oda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13007","article-title":"HSP105 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Correlation with clinicopathological features and outcomes","volume":"49","author":"S Arvanitidou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref014","first-page":"511","article-title":"Expression of heat shock protein 105 and 70 in malignant melanoma and benign melanocytic nevi","volume":"36","author":"HS Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"J CutanPathol"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450118666170823121248","article-title":"Clinical, Prognostic and Therapeutic Significance of Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer","volume":"19","author":"J Saini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2016.01.003","article-title":"Heat Shock Proteins Promote Cancer: It\u2019s a Protection Racket","volume":"41","author":"SK Calderwood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0b013e3282fe9a16","article-title":"Differential expression of heat shock protein 105 in melanoma and melanocytic naevi","volume":"18","author":"FC Muchemwa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0258053.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14012175","article-title":"Induction of heat shock protein 70 ameliorates ultraviolet-induced photokeratitis in mice","volume":"14","author":"A Lennikov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14012175","article-title":"Induction of heat shock protein 70 ameliorates ultraviolet-induced photokeratitis in mice","volume":"14","author":"A Lennikov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/s004030000173","article-title":"Overexpression of HSP70 prevents ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis of a human melanoma cell line","volume":"292","author":"KC Park","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0258053.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.09.047","article-title":"Nodular melanoma: a distinct clinical entity and the largest contributor to melanoma deaths in Victoria, Australia","volume":"68","author":"V Mar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0258053.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4558","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2008.06598.x","article-title":"Mammalian 105 kDa heat shock family proteins suppress hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis through a p38 MAPK-dependent mitochondrial pathway in HeLa cells","volume":"275","author":"N Yamagishi","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref023","first-page":"1777","article-title":"Heat shock protein 105 is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors","volume":"10","author":"M Kai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2013.203","article-title":"High expression of heat shock protein 105 predicts a favorable prognosis for patients with urinary bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy","volume":"2","author":"T Kawai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Clin Oncol"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07362.x","article-title":"Heat shock protein 105 is overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma and extramammary Paget disease but not in basal cell carcinoma","volume":"155","author":"FC Muchemwa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0258053.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14165","article-title":"Heat shock protein 105 peptide vaccine could induce antitumor immune reactions in a phase I clinical trial","volume":"110","author":"Y Shimizu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"pone.0258053.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.02.142","article-title":"Immunization with heat shock protein 105-pulsed dendritic cells leads to tumor rejection in mice","volume":"343","author":"K Yokomine","year":"2006","journal-title":"BiochemBiophys Res Commun"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0258053","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T03:18:10Z","timestamp":1633663090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0258053"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Swati","family":"Palit Deb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0258053","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]}}}