{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T05:18:06Z","timestamp":1768799886402,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004781","name":"Institut Pengurusan dan Pemantauan Penyelidikan, Universiti Malaya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RU 004G-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RU 004G-2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diseases have remained the major issue for shrimp aquaculture industry for decades by which different shrimp species demonstrated alternative disease resistance or tolerance. However, there had been insufficient studies on the underlying host mechanisms of such phenomenon. Hence, in this study, the main objective involves gaining a deeper understanding into the functional importance of shrimp STAT gene from the aspects of expression, sequence, structure, and associated genes. STAT gene was selected primarily because of its vital signalling roles in stress, endocrine, and immune response. The differential gene expressions of<jats:italic>Macrobrachium rosenbergii<\/jats:italic>STAT (<jats:italic>MrST<\/jats:italic>) and<jats:italic>Penaeus monodon<\/jats:italic>STAT (<jats:italic>PmST<\/jats:italic>) under White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and<jats:italic>Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Vp<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>AHPND<\/jats:sub>infections were identified through qPCR analysis. Notably, during both pathogenic infections,<jats:italic>MrST<\/jats:italic>demonstrated significant gene expression down-regulations (during either early or later post-infection time points) whereas<jats:italic>PmST<\/jats:italic>showed only significant gene expression up-regulations. Important sequence conservation or divergence was highlighted through STAT sequence comparison especially amino acid alterations at 614 aa [K (Lysine) to E (Glutamic Acid)] and 629 aa [F (Phenylalanine) to V (Valine)] from PmST (AY327491.1) to PmST (disease tolerant strain). There were significant differences observed between in silico characterized structures of MrST and PmST proteins. Important functional differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the aspects of stress, endocrine, immune, signalling, and structural were uncovered through comparative transcriptomic analysis. The DEGs associated with STAT functioning were identified including inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, hsp90, caspase, ATP binding cassette transmembrane transporter, C-type Lectin, HMGB, ALF1, ALF3, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and TBK1. The main findings of this study are STAT differential gene expression patterns, sequence divergence, structural differences, and associated functional DEGs. These findings can be further utilized for shrimp health or host response diagnostic studies. STAT gene can also be proposed as a suitable candidate for future studies of shrimp innate immune enhancement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T17:49:15Z","timestamp":1634320155000},"page":"e0258655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Differential STAT gene expressions of Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii in response to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and bacterial infections: Additional insight into genetic variations and transcriptomic highlights"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3083-5370","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tze Chiew Christie","family":"Soo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8658-6900","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Subha","family":"Bhassu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0258655.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-013-0977-9","article-title":"Contribution of shrimp disease research to the development of the shrimp aquaculture industry: an analysis of the research and innovation structure across the countries","volume":"97","author":"PG Dastidar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"pone.0258655.ref002","unstructured":"FAO. 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