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This study aims to detect water tanks installed on rooftops and swimming pools in digital images to identify and classify areas based on the socioeconomic index, in order to assist public health programs in the control of diseases linked to the<jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>mosquito. This study covers four regions of Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo, characterized by different socioeconomic contexts. With mosaics of images obtained by a 12.1 MP Canon PowerShot S100 (5.2 mm focal length) carried by unmanned aerial vehicles, we developed deep learning algorithms in the scope of computer vision for the detection of water tanks and swimming pools. An object detection model, which was initially created for areas of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, was enhanced using the transfer learning technique, and allowed us to detect objects in Campinas with fewer samples and more efficiency. With the detection of objects in digital images, the proportions of objects per square kilometer for each region studied were estimated by adopting a Chi-square distribution model. Thus, we found that regions with low socioeconomic status had more exposed water tanks, while regions with high socioeconomic levels had more exposed pools. Using deep learning approaches, we created a useful tool for<jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>aegypti<\/jats:italic>control programs to utilize and direct disease prevention efforts. Therefore, we concluded that it is possible to detect objects directly related to the socioeconomic level of a given region from digital images, which encourages the practicality of this approach for studies aimed towards public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T18:45:52Z","timestamp":1639075552000},"page":"e0258681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Water tank and swimming pool detection based on remote sensing and deep learning: Relationship with socioeconomic level and applications in dengue control"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4368-584X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Higor Souza","family":"Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda Santana","family":"Sclauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Fonseca","family":"Wildemberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Augusto Milit\u00e3o","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jefersson Alex","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana de Oliveira","family":"Lage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Lorenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5624-2354","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gerson Laurindo","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alberto","family":"Quintanilha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Chiaravalloti-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0258681.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0005","article-title":"Comparative role of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti in the emergence of Dengue and Chikungunya in central Africa.","volume":"10","author":"C Paupy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases."},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0258681.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005653","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005653","article-title":"Tracking the return of Aedes aegypti to Brazil, the major vector of the dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses","volume":"11","author":"P Kotsakiozi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0258681.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821997000400002","article-title":"Descri\u00e7\u00e3o da coloniza\u00e7\u00e3o de Aedes aegypti na regi\u00e3o de S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo","volume":"30","author":"F. 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