{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T23:23:08Z","timestamp":1771888988043,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014848","name":"Arnold Ventures","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"\nBackground<\/jats:title>\nThe Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration awarded State Targeted Response grants to support states\u2019 efforts to address the opioid epidemic. In Nevada, one component of this grant was mobile recovery outreach teams (MROTs) that utilized peer recovery support specialists to provide care for qualifying patients in emergency departments (EDs). The Mobile Emergency Recovery Intervention Trial (MERIT) is a mixed methods study to assess the feasibility\/acceptability and effectiveness of the MROT intervention. This protocol mainly describes the R33 research activities and outcomes. The full protocol can be found protocols.io.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMethods<\/jats:title>\nData will be derived from state-level data sets containing de-identified emergency department visits, substance use disorder treatment records, and mortality files; in-person mixed methods interviews; participant observation; and self-report process evaluation forms. Primary outcomes include Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) initiation and non-fatal overdose; secondary outcomes include MAT retention and fatal overdose. Quantitative hypotheses will be tested using generalized linear mixed effects models, Bayesian hierarchical models, and marginal Cox models. Qualitative interview data will be analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis procedure.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nDiscussion<\/jats:title>\n\nIt is impossible to conduct a randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of the MROTs, given the ethical and logistical considerations of this intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\nThis study\u2019s innovative design employs a mixed methods formative phase to examine feasibility and acceptability, and a quasi-experimental outcomes evaluation phase employing advanced statistical methods to mitigate bias and suggest causal inference regarding the effectiveness of the MROTs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\nInnovative interventions have been deployed in many states; evidence regarding their effectiveness is lacking, but critical to informing an effective public health response to the opioid epidemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T17:43:13Z","timestamp":1635442993000},"page":"e0258795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The mobile emergency recovery intervention trial (MERIT): Protocol for a 3-year mixed methods observational study of mobile recovery outreach teams in Nevada\u2019s emergency departments"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9594-4124","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Krysti P.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roy F.","family":"Oman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minggen","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley D.","family":"Dawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Harding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Hepworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karla D.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0258795.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6911a4","article-title":"Drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths\u2014United States, 2017\u20132018","volume":"29","author":"N. Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"pone.0258795.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.10.015","article-title":"Non-fatal overdose and subsequent drug treatment among injection drug users","volume":"83","author":"R. A. Pollini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"pone.0258795.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.07.013","article-title":"Peer navigation and take-home naloxone for opioid overdose emergency department patients: Preliminary patient outcomes","volume":"94","author":"E.A. Samuels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"pone.0258795.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.04.011","article-title":"Another tool for the tool box? I\u2019ll take it!\u201d: Feasibility and acceptability of mobile recovery outreach teams (MROT) for opioid overdose patients in the emergency room","volume":"108","author":"K.D. Wagner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"pone.0258795.ref005","volume-title":"Diffusion of innovations","author":"E. M. Rogers","year":"1995","edition":"4"},{"key":"pone.0258795.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0887-378X.2004.00325.x","article-title":"Diffusion of innovations in service organizations: systematic review and recommendations","volume":"82","author":"T. Greenhalgh","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Milbank Quarterly"},{"key":"pone.0258795.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-4-50","article-title":"Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: a consolidated framework for advancing implementation science","volume":"4","author":"L.J. Damschroder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Implementation Science"},{"key":"pone.0258795.ref008","volume-title":"Visual Methodologies","author":"G. Rose","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0258795.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hepworth, K. (2020). Make Me Care: Ethical Visualization for Impact in the Sciences and Data Sciences. HCI International Conference 2020 Proceedings. New York: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49713-2_27"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0258795","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T17:43:26Z","timestamp":1635443006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0258795"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Blebil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0258795","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]}}}