{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T14:45:15Z","timestamp":1782485115532,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Toronto COVID-19 Action Initiative","award":["MITACS - 4100013350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MITACS - 4100013350"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Explore how previous work during the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak affects the psychological response of clinical and non-clinical healthcare workers (HCWs) to the current COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A cross-sectional, multi-centered hospital online survey of HCWs in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada. Mental health outcomes of HCWs who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic and the SARS outbreak were assessed using Impact of Events\u2014Revised scale (IES-R), Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Among 3852 participants, moderate\/severe scores for symptoms of post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (50.2%), anxiety (24.6%), and depression (31.5%) were observed among HCWs. Work during the 2003 SARS outbreak was reported by 1116 respondents (29.1%), who had lower scores for symptoms of PTSD (P = .002), anxiety (P &lt; .001), and depression (P &lt; .001) compared to those who had not worked during the SARS outbreak. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed non-clinical HCWs during this pandemic were at higher risk of anxiety (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.19\u20132.15, P = .01) and depressive symptoms (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.34\u20133.07, P &lt; .001). HCWs using sedatives (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.61\u20134.03, P &lt; .001), those who cared for only 2\u20135 patients with COVID-19 (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.06\u20132.38, P = .01), and those who had been in isolation for COVID-19 (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.96\u20131.93, P = .05), were at higher risk of moderate\/severe symptoms of PTSD. In addition, deterioration in sleep was associated with symptoms of PTSD (OR, 4.68, 95% CI, 3.74\u20136.30, P &lt; .001), anxiety (OR, 3.09, 95% CI, 2.11\u20134.53, P &lt; .001), and depression (OR 5.07, 95% CI, 3.48\u20137.39, P &lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Psychological distress was observed in both clinical and non-clinical HCWs, with no impact from previous SARS work experience. As the pandemic continues, increasing psychological and team support may decrease the mental health impacts.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T18:37:45Z","timestamp":1636569465000},"page":"e0258893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Surviving SARS and living through COVID-19: Healthcare worker mental health outcomes and insights for coping"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5250-6650","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rima","family":"Styra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Hawryluck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Mc 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