{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T14:19:35Z","timestamp":1760710775462,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006441","name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Phar2559-RG02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Phar2559-RG02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006441","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"New Scholar Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund from Chulalongkorn University","award":["DNS 60-095-33-006-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DNS 60-095-33-006-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Streptococcus suis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>suis<\/jats:italic>) serotype 2 infection is a problem in the swine industry and responsible for most cases of human infection worldwide. Since current multiplex PCR cannot differentiate between serotypes 2 and 1\/2, then serotype-specific antibodies (Abs) are required for serotype identification to confirm infection by serotype 2. This study aimed to generate Abs specific to <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>suis<\/jats:italic> serotype 2 by phage display from a human heavy chain variable domain (VH) antibody library. For biopanning, whole cells of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>suis<\/jats:italic> serotype 2 were used as the target antigen. With increasing selection stringency, we could select the VH Abs that specifically bound to a <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>suis<\/jats:italic> serotype 2 surface antigen, which was identified as the capsular polysaccharide (CPS). From ELISA analysis, the specific phage clone 47B3 VH with the highest binding activity to <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>suis<\/jats:italic> serotype 2 was selected and shown to have no cross-reactivity with <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>suis<\/jats:italic> serotypes 1\/2, 1, and 14 that shared a common epitope with serotype 2 and occasionally cause infections in human. Moreover, no cross-reactivity with other bacteria that can be found in septic blood specimens was also observed. Then, 47B3 VH was successfully expressed as soluble 47B3 VH in <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> TG1. The soluble 47B3 VH crude extract was further tested for its binding ability in a dose-dependent ELISA assay. The results indicated that the activity of phage clone 47B3 was still retained even when the Ab occurred in the soluble form. A quellung reaction demonstrated that the soluble 47B3 VH Ab could show bioactivity by differentiation between <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>suis<\/jats:italic> serotypes 2 and 1\/2. Thus, it will be beneficial to use this VH Ab in the diagnosis of disease or discrimination of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>suis<\/jats:italic> serotypes Furthermore, the results described here could motivate the use of phage display VH platform to produce serotyping antibodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T17:26:10Z","timestamp":1635269170000},"page":"e0258931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Application of phage display technology for the production of antibodies against Streptococcus suis serotype 2"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Pattarawadee","family":"Sulong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natsinee","family":"Anudit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2790-1100","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Suphachai","family":"Nuanualsuwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Segura","family":"Mariela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7163-513X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kannika","family":"Khantasup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0258931.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00139-16","article-title":"Protection against Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Infection Using a Capsular Polysaccharide Glycoconjugate Vaccine","volume":"84","author":"G Goyette-Desjardins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infection and immunity"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0258931.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2796","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03742-12","article-title":"Genetic analysis of capsular polysaccharide synthesis gene clusters from all serotypes of Streptococcus suis: potential mechanisms for generation of capsular variation","volume":"79","author":"M Okura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0258931.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens5030045","article-title":"Current Taxonomical Situation of Streptococcus suis","volume":"5","author":"M Okura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"2\u20134","key":"pone.0258931.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.11.001","article-title":"Reappraisal of the taxonomy of Streptococcus suis serotypes 20, 22, 26, and 33 based on DNA-DNA homology and sodA and recN phylogenies","volume":"162","author":"LHT Tien","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary microbiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0258931.ref005","first-page":"e45","article-title":"Streptococcus suis, an important pig pathogen and emerging zoonotic agent-an update on the worldwide distribution based on serotyping and sequence typing","volume":"3","author":"G Goyette-Desjardins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerging microbes & infections"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0258931.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1017\/S146625230999003X","article-title":"Surface-associated and secreted factors of Streptococcus suis in epidemiology, pathogenesis and vaccine development","volume":"10","author":"CG Baums","year":"2009","journal-title":"Animal health research reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0258931.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/85651","article-title":"Streptococcus suis: a re-emerging pathogen associated with occupational exposure to pigs or pork products. 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