{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T23:00:42Z","timestamp":1789254042099,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research of the Korea National Institute of Health","award":["2019-ER7103-02#"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-ER7103-02#"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to evaluate risk factors for growth failure in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants at 18\u201324 months of corrected age (follow-up1, FU1) and at 36 months of age (follow-up2, FU2). In this prospective cohort study, a total of 2,943 VLBW infants from the Korean Neonatal Network between 2013 and 2015 finished follow-up at FU1. Growth failure was defined as a z-score below -1.28. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors for growth failure after dividing the infants into small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) groups. Overall, 18.7% of infants were SGA at birth. Growth failure was present in 60.0% at discharge, 20.3% at FU1, and 35.2% at FU2. Among AGA infants, male sex, growth failure at discharge, periventricular leukomalacia, treatment of retinopathy of prematurity, ventriculoperitoneal shunt status and treatment of rehabilitation after discharge were independent risk factors for growth failure at FU1. Among SGA infants, lower birth weight, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and treatment of rehabilitation after discharge were independent risk factors for growth failure at FU1. Mean weight z-score graphs from birth to 36 month of age revealed significant differences between SGA and non-SGA and between VLBW infants and extremely low birth weight infants. Growth failure remains an issue, and VLBW infants with risk factors should be closely checked for growth and nutrition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T17:47:24Z","timestamp":1635443244000},"page":"e0259080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Growth failure of very low birth weight infants during the first 3 years: A Korean neonatal network"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4376-6607","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joohee","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So Jin","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Eun","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Ho","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0174-1065","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Soon Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho Seon","family":"Eun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Soo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kook In","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0259080.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-310190","article-title":"Catch-up growth and metabolic outcomes in adolescents born preterm","volume":"101","author":"ND Embleton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"pone.0259080.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1891\/0730-0832.27.3.177","article-title":"Extrauterine growth restriction: a review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"VA Ruth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neonatal Netw"},{"key":"pone.0259080.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1139\/h11-059","article-title":"Pattern of growth of very low birth weight preterm infants, assessed using the WHO Growth Standards, is associated with neurodevelopment","volume":"36","author":"A Nash","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"pone.0259080.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-020-0658-5","article-title":"\"Extrauterine growth restriction\" and \"postnatal growth failure\" are misnomers for preterm infants","volume":"40","author":"TR Fenton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Perinatol."},{"key":"pone.0259080.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.080333","article-title":"Failure to thrive: the prevalence and concurrence of anthropometric criteria in a general infant population","volume":"92","author":"EM Olsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"pone.0259080.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.21-8-257","article-title":"Failure to thrive: an old nemesis in the new millennium","volume":"21","author":"ID Schwartz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"pone.0259080.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1891\/0730-0832.38.1.27","article-title":"Extrauterine Growth Restriction in Low Birth Weight Infants","volume":"38","author":"K Bonnar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neonatal Netw"},{"key":"pone.0259080.ref008","first-page":"207","article-title":"Catch-up growth in appropriate- or small-for-gestational age preterm infants","volume":"50","author":"F Darendeliler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"key":"pone.0259080.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1215","article-title":"How does maternal and child feeding behavior relate to weight gain and failure to thrive? 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