{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T11:54:22Z","timestamp":1768564462076,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"national institutes of health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI44257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI44257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"national institutes of health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01A152203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01A152203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mice lacking B cells are more susceptible to <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>typhimurium<\/jats:italic> infection. How B cells contribute to protective immunity against <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> and what signals drive their activation are still unclear. Neutrophils (Nphs), monocytes (MOs), and dendritic cells (DCs) are involved in early immune responses to control the initial replication of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>typhimurium<\/jats:italic>. These cells can produce B cell activating factor (BAFF) required for mature B cell survival and may help regulate B cell responses during <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> infection. Using BAFF reporter mice (BAFF-RFP<jats:sup>+\/-<\/jats:sup>), we discovered that an i.p. infection with a virulent strain of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>typhimurium<\/jats:italic> increased BAFF expression in splenic conventional DCs (cDC) and inflammatory Ly6C<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> MOs\/DCs four days post-infection. <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>typhimurium<\/jats:italic> infection induced the release of BAFF from Nphs, a decrease of BAFF-RFP expression and expansion of BAFF-RFP<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Nphs in the spleen and peritoneal cavity. After <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>typhimurium<\/jats:italic> infection, serum BAFF levels and immature and mature B cell subsets and plasma cells increased substantially. Conditional knockout (cKO) mice lacking BAFF in either Nphs or cDCs compared to control <jats:italic>Baff<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>fl\/fl<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> mice had reduced up-regulation of systemic BAFF levels and reduced expansion of mature and germinal center B cell subsets after infection. Importantly, the cKO mice lacking BAFF from either Nphs or cDCs had impaired induction of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>-specific IgM Abs, and were more susceptible to <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>typhimurium<\/jats:italic> infection. Thus, Nphs and cDCs are major cellular sources of BAFF driving B cell responses, required for mounting optimal protective immunity against lethal <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T17:29:33Z","timestamp":1635355773000},"page":"e0259158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["B cell activating factor (BAFF) from neutrophils and dendritic cells is required for protective B cell responses against Salmonella typhimurium infection"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4773-6739","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Runa","family":"Kuley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin 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