{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T16:11:33Z","timestamp":1771517493335,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - Brazil","award":["Financing Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Financing Code 001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been applied in epidemiological surveillance studies of insect vectors of parasitic diseases, such as the Dengue\u2019s mosquitoes. However, regarding mollusks, vectors of important worldwide helminth diseases such as schistosomiasis, fascioliasis and angiostrongyliasis, NIRS studies are rare. This work proposes to establish and standardize the procedure of data collection and analysis using NIRS applied to medical malacology, i.e., to mollusk vectors identifications. <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic> shells and live snails were analyzed regarding several operational aspects, such as: moisture, shell side and position of the live animal for acquisition of NIR spectra. Representative spectra of <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic> shells and live snails were collected using an average of 50 scans per sample and resolution of 16 cm<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>. For shells, the sample should first be dried for a minimum of 15 days at an average temperature of 26\u00b11\u00b0C, and then placed directly in the equipment measurement window with its left side facing the light beam. Live animals should be dried with absorbent paper; placed into a glass jar, and analyzed similarly to the shells. Once standardized, the technique was applied aiming at two objectives: identification of <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic> using only the shells and parasitological diagnosis for <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> infection. The discrimination of the three <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic> species intermediate hosts of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic> only by shell has technical limit due to the scarcity of organic material. Nevertheless, it was possible to differentiate <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>straminea<\/jats:italic> from <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tenagophila<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>glabrata<\/jats:italic> with 96% accuracy. As for the parasitological diagnosis, it was possible to differentiate infected mollusks shedding <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic> cercariae from the non-infected ones with 82, 5% accuracy. In conclusion, the Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR\u2019s) technique has proven to be an innovative and sound tool to detect infection by <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic> in the different species of <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic> intermediate hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T18:30:37Z","timestamp":1636655437000},"page":"e0259832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Feasibility of near-infrared spectroscopy for species identification and parasitological diagnosis of freshwater snails of the genus Biomphalaria (Planorbidae)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2364-4437","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Valladares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lio","family":"Pasquini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5547-206X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Silvana Carvalho","family":"Thiengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9lia Christina","family":"Mello-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0259832.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-50532003000200006","article-title":"Near infrared spectroscopy: fundamentals practical aspects and analytical applications","volume":"14","author":"C Pasquini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2018.04.004","article-title":"Near Infrared Spectroscopy: a mature analytical technique with new perspectives\u2013A review","volume":"1026","author":"C Pasquini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Analytica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1750197","article-title":"Alterations in the infrared absorption spectrum of water in gelatin","volume":"6","author":"J W Ellis","year":"1938","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical Physics"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1255\/jnirs.1199","article-title":"Review Near infrared spectroscopy in wildlife and Biodiversity","volume":"24","author":"CK Vance","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal Near Infrared Spectroscopy"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref005","article-title":"Using a nearinfrared spectrometer to estimate the age of Anopheles mosquitoes exposed to pyrethroids","author":"MT Sikulu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS one"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref006","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rapid and Non-destructive Detection and Identification of Two Strains of Wolbachia in Aedes aegypti by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy","author":"MT Sikulu-lord","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref007","article-title":"First report on the application of near-infrared spectroscopy to predict the age of Aedes albopictus Skuse","volume":"8","author":"MT Sikulu-lord","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aat0496","article-title":"Rapid, non-invasive detection of Zika virus in mosquitoes by near-infrared spectroscopy","volume":"4","author":"JN Fernandes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(00)00213-0","article-title":"Structure and composition of the aragonitic crossed lamellar layers in six species of Bivalvia and Gastropoda","volume":"126","author":"Y Dauphin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-008-1860-z","article-title":"Structure and composition of the nacre\u2013prisms transition in the shell of Pinctada margaritifera (Mollusca, Bivalvia)","volume":"390","author":"Y Dauphin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1080\/08927010802339970","article-title":"In situ infrared spectroscopic investigation of Perna canaliculus mussel larvae primary settlement","volume":"24","author":"L Petrone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2009.07.011","article-title":"Molluscan Shell evolution with review of shell calcification hypothesis","volume":"154","author":"T Furuhashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2009.05.006","article-title":"Studies on molluscan shells: contributions from microscopic and analytical methods","volume":"40","author":"S M Paula","year":"2009","journal-title":"Review. Micron"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2011.04.017","article-title":"Rapid compositional analysis of oysters using visible-near infrared reflectance spectroscopy","volume":"317","author":"M Brown","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-010-1562-x","article-title":"Biomineralization markers during early shell formation in the European abalone Haliotisturberculata","volume":"158","author":"B Gaume","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lymmaeus. Marine Biology"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-011-9329-7","article-title":"The Effect of Homogenisation and Storage on the Near-Infrared Spectra of Half Shell Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas)","volume":"5","author":"T Madigan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Anal Methods"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.2307\/1543052","article-title":"Carbohydrates of organic Shell matrix and the Shell-forming tissue of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata (Say)","volume":"194","author":"JC Marxen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biological Bulletin"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1666\/13083","article-title":"Identification of chitin in 200-million-year-old fastropod egg capsules","volume":"40","author":"W Wysokowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paleobiology"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636206","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.636206","article-title":"Field Application of NIR Spectroscopy for the Discrimination of the Biomphalaria Species That Are Intermediate Hosts of Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil","volume":"9","author":"V Valladares","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.12.078","article-title":"Predicting glycogen concentration in the foot muscle of abalone using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)","volume":"126","author":"M Fluckiger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chemistry"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(00)00173-2","article-title":"Monoamines and their metabolites in the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata","volume":"125","author":"V Santhanagopalan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira CMM. Prepara\u00e7\u00e3o dos dados para an\u00e1lise. In: ____, Quimiometria: Conceitos, m\u00e9todos e aplica\u00e7\u00f5es. Campinas, SP: Editora Unicamp. 2015; 2: 43\u201390.","DOI":"10.7476\/9788526814714"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref023","unstructured":"Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Departamento de Vigil\u00e2ncia Epidemiol\u00f3gica. Vigil\u00e2ncia e controle de moluscos de import\u00e2ncia epidemiol\u00f3gica: diretrizes t\u00e9cnicas: Programa de Vigil\u00e2ncia e Controle da Esquistossomose (PCE) \/ Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Departamento de Vigil\u00e2ncia Epidemiol\u00f3gica\u2013 2. ed.\u2013Bras\u00edlia: Editora do Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade; 2008. 178 pp."},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref024","unstructured":"Paraense WL. Hist\u00f3rico do g\u00eanero Biomphalaria, morfologia e sistem\u00e1tica morfol\u00f3gica. In: Carvalho O S, Coelho P M Z, Lenzi H L. Schistosoma mansoni: uma vis\u00e3o multidisciplinar. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Fiocruz; 2008. 285\u2013308."},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0491(97)00010-2","article-title":"The Organic Shell Matrix of the Freshwater Snail Biomphalaria glabrata","volume":"118B","author":"JC Marxen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-9639(03)00203-6","article-title":"The major soluble 19.6 kDa protein of the organic shell matrix of the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata is a N-glycosylated dermatopontin","volume":"1650","author":"JC Marxen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref027","first-page":"20","article-title":"Calcium carbonate modifications in the mineralized shell of the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata","volume":"6","author":"B Hasse","year":"2000","journal-title":"European Journal of Chemistry"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref028","first-page":"46","article-title":"A mobiliza\u00e7\u00e3o do c\u00e1lcio em Biomphalaria glabrata exposta a diferentes quantidades de carbonato de c\u00e1lcio","volume":"40","author":"AC Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2011","journal-title":"Revista de Patologia Tropical"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000006831","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationships among Brazilian Biomphalaria species (Mollusca: Planorbidae) based upon analysis of ribossomal ITS2 sequences","volume":"121","author":"T Vidigal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref030","first-page":"227232","article-title":"Costa, VA. Possible hibridization of Brazilian Planorbid snails and its importance in population dynamics","volume":"93","author":"CC Mello-Silva","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.13315","article-title":"Changes in energetic metabolism of Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca, Planorbidae) in response to exogenous calcium","volume":"77","author":"LD Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Biology"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref032","unstructured":"Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Departamento de Vigil\u00e2ncia Epidemiol\u00f3gica. Vigil\u00e2ncia da Esquistossomose Mansoni: diretrizes t\u00e9cnicas \/ Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Departamento de Vigil\u00e2ncia das Doen\u00e7as Transmiss\u00edveis\u2013 4. ed.\u2013Bras\u00edlia: Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, 2014; 144 p."},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref033","first-page":"4","article-title":"Rodrigues MLdeA. Carbohydrate metabolism alterations in Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Schistosoma mansoni and exposed to Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii l\u00e1tex","volume":"105","author":"CC Mello-Silva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mem\u00f3rias Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.10.007","article-title":"The influence of exposure to Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii latex on the concentrations of total proteins and nitrogen products in Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"117","author":"CC Mello-Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref035","unstructured":"Pinheiro J. Altera\u00e7\u00f5es fisiol\u00f3gicas nas intera\u00e7\u00f5es entre larvas de tremat\u00f3deos e seu primeiro hospedeiro intermedi\u00e1rio\u2014moluscos. In: Santos SB, Pimenta AD, Thiengo SC, Fernandez MA, Absal\u00e3o RS. T\u00f3picos em malacologia. Ecos dos XVIII Encontro Brasileiro de Malacologia. Editora Sociedade Brasileira de Malacologia, 2007; 18: 365p."},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref036","article-title":"Detection of Plasmodium falciparum infected Anopheles gambiae usind near-infrared spectroscopy","volume":"18","author":"MF Maia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref037","first-page":"215","article-title":"Purine metabolism in Biomphalaria glabrata under starvation and infection with Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"76B","author":"W Becker","year":"1983","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology"},{"key":"pone.0259832.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Livingstone D, Zwaan A. Carbohydrate metabolism of Gastropods. In PW Hochachka. The Mollusca: Metabolic Biochemistry and Molecular Biomechanics. Academic Press. London, 1983; 1: 177\u2013242.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-751401-7.50012-0"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0259832","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T18:31:24Z","timestamp":1636655484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0259832"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Wannaporn","family":"Ittiprasert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0259832","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]}}}