{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T06:05:18Z","timestamp":1772777118765,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014150","name":"Center of Excellence on Biodiversity","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BDC-PG4-161009."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BDC-PG4-161009."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The venomic profile of Asian mountain pit viper <jats:italic>Ovophis monticola<\/jats:italic> is clarified in the present study. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, 247 different proteins were identified in crude venom of <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>monticola<\/jats:italic> found in Thailand. The most abundant proteins were snake venom metalloproteases (SVMP) (36.8%), snake venom serine proteases (SVSP) (31.1%), and phospholipases A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (PLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) (12.1%). Less abundant proteins included L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) (5.7%), venom nerve growth factor (3.6%), nucleic acid degrading enzymes (3.2%), C-type lectins (CTL) (1.6%), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISP) (1.2%) and disintegrin (1.2%). The immunoreactivity of this viper\u2019s venom to a monovalent antivenom against green pit viper <jats:italic>Trimeresurus albolabris<\/jats:italic>, or to a polyvalent antivenom against hemotoxic venom was investigated by indirect ELISA and two-dimensional (2D) immunoblotting. Polyvalent antivenom showed substantially greater reactivity levels than monovalent antivenom. A titer for the monovalent antivenom was over 1:1.28x10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup> dilution while that of polyvalent antivenom was 1:5.12x10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>. Of a total of 89 spots comprising 173 proteins, 40 spots of predominantly SVMP, SVSP and PLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were specific antigens for antivenoms. The 49 unrecognized spots containing 72 proteins were characterized as non-reactive proteins, and included certain types of CTLs and CRISPs. These neglected venom constituents could limit the effectiveness of antivenom-based therapy currently available for victims of pit viper envenomation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T18:31:35Z","timestamp":1638383495000},"page":"e0260496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Proteomics and immunocharacterization of Asian mountain pit viper (Ovophis monticola) venom"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Siravit","family":"Sitprija","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawan","family":"Chanhome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onrapak","family":"Reamtong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tipparat","family":"Thiangtrongjit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taksa","family":"Vasaruchapong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orawan","family":"Khow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jureeporn","family":"Noiphrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panithi","family":"Laoungbua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arissara","family":"Tubtimyoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narongsak","family":"Chaiyabutr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8248-2300","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Supeecha","family":"Kumkate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0260496.ref001","volume-title":"Fact sheet","author":"WH Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"pone.0260496.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17079","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.79","article-title":"Snakebite envenoming","volume":"3","author":"JM Gutierrez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"pone.0260496.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.05.009","article-title":"The snakebite problem and antivenom crisis from a health-economic perspective","volume":"150","author":"AG Habib","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0260496.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2011.02.010","article-title":"Phylogenetic structure and species boundaries in the mountain pitviper Ovophis monticola (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) in Asia","volume":"59","author":"A Malhotra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Phylogenet Evol"},{"key":"pone.0260496.ref005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Documentation of a proven Mountain Pitviper (Ovophis monticola) envenomation in Kathmandu, Nepal, with its distribution ranges: implications for prevention and control of pitviper bites in Asia","volume":"11","author":"DP Pandey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Venom Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0260496.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/163.5.310","article-title":"Venomous snakebite in Thailand. 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