{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T12:41:05Z","timestamp":1791636065021,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patients undergoing bronchoscopic procedures may develop hypoxemia and severe complications. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) may prevent hypoxemic events during bronchoscopy. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effectiveness of HFNC in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conducted a search in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for RCTs published before November 2021. Individual effect sizes were standardized, and a meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled effect size using random-effects models. The primary outcome was the incidence of hypoxemic events (oxygen saturation [SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>] &lt; 90%) during bronchoscopy. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of interrupted bronchoscopy due to desaturation, lowest SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> during bronchoscopy, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), end-tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (EtCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) at the end of bronchoscopy, and the incidence of intubation after the procedure.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Five trials involving 257 patients were reviewed. The incidence of hypoxemic events was lower in the HFNC group than in the conventional oxygen therapy group (risk ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14\u20130.42). The lowest SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> during the procedure was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the conventional oxygen therapy group (weighted mean difference [WMD], 7.12; 95% CI, 5.39\u20138.84). PaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at the end of the procedure was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the conventional oxygen therapy group (WMD, 20.36; 95% CI, 0.30\u201340.42). The incidence of interrupted bronchoscopy due to desaturation, PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and EtCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at the end of the procedure, and the incidence of intubation after the procedure were not significantly different between groups.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>HFNC may reduce the incidence of hypoxemic events and improve oxygenation in patients undergoing bronchoscopy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T18:31:15Z","timestamp":1638383475000},"page":"e0260716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["High-flow nasal cannula for reducing hypoxemic events in patients undergoing bronchoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized 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