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This work aims to contribute to the understanding of differences in the speech encoding of infants and school-age children by assessing the effects of child development, in different phases of early childhood, on the encoding of speech sounds. There were 98 subjects of both sexes, aged from 1 day to 8 years and 9 months who participated in the study. All subjects underwent a Frequency Following Response (FFR) assessment. A regression and linear correlation showed the effects of age in the FFR components, i.e., significant decrease in the latency and increased amplitude of all FFR waves with age. An increase in the slope measure was also observed. Younger infants require more time and show less robust responses when encoding speech than their older counterparts, which were shown to have more stable and well-organized FFR responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T17:55:16Z","timestamp":1662054916000},"page":"e0260739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The effect of child development on the components of the Frequency Following Response: Child development and the Frequency Following Response"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3244-025X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"La\u00eds","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia Dalcin","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9borah Aur\u00e9lio","family":"Temp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli Nat\u00e1li","family":"Broman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4978-1915","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Piotr H.","family":"Skarzynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena B.","family":"Skarzynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0600-2897","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Denis Altieri De Oliveira","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milaine Dominici","family":"Sanfins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliara Pinto Vieira","family":"Biaggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0260739.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1533","article-title":"Early language acquisition: cracking the speech code","volume":"5","author":"PK Kuhl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0260739.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.08.005","article-title":"Effects of noise and age on the infant brainstem response to speech","volume":"129","author":"G Musacchia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0260739.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht311","article-title":"Stability and plasticity of auditory brainstem function across the lifespan","volume":"25","author":"E Skoe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0260739.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020701383019","article-title":"The human auditory system: A timeline of development","volume":"46","author":"JK Moore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"key":"pone.0260739.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(99)00236-9","article-title":"Maturation of human central auditory system activity: evidence from multi-channel evoked potentials","volume":"111","author":"CW Ponton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. 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