{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T03:06:00Z","timestamp":1791774360226,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIA U01AG009740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIA U01AG009740"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peripheral edema (i.e., lower limb swelling) can cause pain, weakness, and limited range of motion. However, few studies have examined its prevalence in the U.S. or its association with demographics, comorbidities, activity, or mobility. This study used data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative longitudinal survey of U.S. adults (age 51+\/ N = 19,988 for 2016), to evaluate time trends and correlates of peripheral edema using weighted descriptive statistics and logistic regressions, respectively. Peripheral edema was assessed with the question \u201cHave you had\u2026 \/\/ Persistent swelling in your feet or ankles?\u201d The weighted prevalence of edema among older U.S. adults was 19% to 20% between 2000 and 2016. Peripheral edema was associated with older age, female sex, non-white race, low wealth, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, pain, low activity levels, and mobility limitations (odds ratios ranging from 1.2\u20135.6; p-values \u22640.001). This study provides the first estimates of national prevalence and correlates of peripheral edema among older Americans. Peripheral edema is common and strongly associated with comorbidities, pain, low activity levels, and mobility limitations, and disproportionately affects poorer and minority groups. Peripheral edema should be a focus of future research in order to develop novel and cost-effective interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T18:50:18Z","timestamp":1639680618000},"page":"e0260742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Peripheral edema: A common and persistent health problem for older Americans"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Soroush","family":"Besharat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Grol-Prokopczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changyong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Akwaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7938-6775","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Gewandter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0260742.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12648","article-title":"The impact of lower limb chronic oedema on patients\u2019 quality of life","volume":"14","author":"A Greene","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0260742.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.144.8.1661","article-title":"The physiologic basis for clinical edema","volume":"144","author":"RC Little","year":"1984","journal-title":"Archives of internal medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0260742.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2019.12.009","article-title":"The value of B-type natriuretic peptide plasma concentrations in very old people with chronic peripheral oedema","volume":"113","author":"J Belmin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0260742.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14752","article-title":"Drug-induced peripheral oedema: An aetiology-based review","volume":"87","author":"B Largeau","year":"2021","journal-title":"British journal of clinical pharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0260742.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061669","article-title":"Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Chronic Venous Disease and Implications for Venoactive Drug Therapy","volume":"19","author":"A Mansilha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0260742.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.53.3.149","article-title":"Prevalence of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency in men and women in the general population: Edinburgh Vein Study","volume":"53","author":"CJ Evans","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0260742.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12224","article-title":"Chronic oedema\/lymphoedema: under-recognised and under-treated","volume":"12","author":"DH Keast","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"pone.0260742.ref008","unstructured":"University of Michigan Insitute for Social Research. 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