{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:53:23Z","timestamp":1792108403740,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 107-2314-B-9 -063 -MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 107-2314-B-9 -063 -MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004391","name":"China Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DMR-111-129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-111-129"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"taiwan ministry of health and welfare clinical trial center","award":["MOHW109-TDU-B-212- T114004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHW109-TDU-B-212- T114004"]}]},{"name":"most clinical trial consortium for stroke","award":["MOST 108-2321-B-039-003-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 108-2321-B-039-003-"]}]},{"name":"tseng-lien lin foundation, taichung, taiwan"},{"name":"nordic programme on health and welfare","award":["74809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["74809"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004785","name":"nordforsk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies concerning the risk of metabolic syndrome associated with night work have shown inconsistent findings, due to imprecise working time data and cross-sectional design. We used register-based daily working time data to examine the risk of incident metabolic syndrome associated with night shift work.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Working time data collected between 2010 and 2018 of 5775 Taiwanese hospital workers were used to identify night shift workers and to calculate the number of night shifts. Metabolic syndrome was identified by annual occupational health examination results, which were linked to the working time data. Logistic regression models and generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between night shift work and metabolic syndrome and the 5 components of metabolic syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Night shift work is associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome (adjusted OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.78) and high waist circumference (adjusted OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.78) compared to day work. Among night shift workers, increased number of night shifts was associated with high blood pressure (adjusted OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.31).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Night shift work is associated with metabolic risk factors. Long-term effects of circadian rhythm disruption on metabolic disturbances needs to be further studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T13:29:13Z","timestamp":1639402153000},"page":"e0261349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Night shift work and the risk of metabolic syndrome: Findings from an 8-year hospital cohort"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4510-7584","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wan-Ju","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiu-Shong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Chieh","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Fang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kati","family":"Karhula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"H\u00e4rm\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0261349.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000204354.06965.44","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and the risk of stroke in middle-aged men","volume":"37","author":"S Kurl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0261349.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3713","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.559633","article-title":"Prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus with alternative definitions of the metabolic syndrome: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study","volume":"112","author":"AJ Hanley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9438","key":"pone.0261349.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17018-9","article-title":"Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study","volume":"364","author":"S Yusuf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0261349.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161230","article-title":"The Relationships Between Components of Metabolic Syndrome and Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtypes: A Cross-Sectional Study of Japanese Older Adults. Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"60","author":"S Bae","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAD"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0261349.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.10.004","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and shift work: a systematic review.","volume":"17","author":"R Canuto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep medicine reviews"},{"key":"pone.0261349.ref006","first-page":"E96","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of health risk reduction after lifestyle education in the small workplace","volume":"9","author":"JC Allen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0261349.ref007","article-title":"Program Development and Effectiveness of Workplace Health Promotion Program for Preventing Metabolic Syndrome among Office Workers.","volume":"14","author":"H Ryu","year":"2017","journal-title":"International journal of environmental research and public health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0261349.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2014.07.008","article-title":"Prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in occupational health care: feasibility and effectiveness","volume":"9","author":"K Viitasalo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0261349.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12194","article-title":"Meta-analysis on night shift work and risk of metabolic syndrome","volume":"15","author":"F Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obesity reviews: an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0261349.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.11.013","article-title":"The Relationship Between Shift Work and Metabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies.","volume":"50","author":"KI Proper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0261349.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn360","article-title":"Rotating shift work and the metabolic syndrome: a prospective study","volume":"38","author":"D De Bacquer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0261349.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2009.046797","article-title":"Incidence of metabolic syndrome among night-shift healthcare workers","volume":"67","author":"A Pietroiusti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0261349.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.00335","article-title":"Utilizing the metabolic syndrome component count in workers\u2019 health surveillance: An example of day-time vs. day-night rotating shift workers","volume":"28","author":"YC Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Occup Med Environ Health"},{"key":"pone.0261349.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2017.07.027","article-title":"Short sleep duration, shift work, and actual days taken off work are predictive life-style risk factors for new-onset metabolic syndrome: a seven-year cohort study of 40,000 male workers.","volume":"39","author":"O Itani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0261349.ref015","first-page":"402","article-title":"The mutual relationship between shift work and depressive complaints\u2014a prospective cohort study","volume":"37","author":"K Driesen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scandinavian journal of work"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0261349.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2009.053512","article-title":"Considerations of circadian impact for defining \u2019shift work\u2019 in cancer studies: IARC Working Group Report.","volume":"68","author":"RG Stevens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0261349.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3492","article-title":"Developing register-based measures for assessment of working time patterns for epidemiologic studies","volume":"41","author":"M Harma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health"},{"key":"pone.0261349.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4800","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4800","article-title":"Shift work and vascular events: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"345","author":"MV Vyas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0261349.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","article-title":"Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity","volume":"120","author":"KG Alberti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0261349.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2894","article-title":"Shift work and cardiovascular disease\u2014pathways from circadian stress to morbidity","volume":"36","author":"S Puttonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0261349.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2012.675259","article-title":"Shiftwork and metabolic dysfunction","volume":"29","author":"P Tucker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0261349.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2018-105104","article-title":"Association between night-shift work, sleep quality and metabolic syndrome","volume":"75","author":"YC Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0261349.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/19338240903241259","article-title":"Atypical work hours and metabolic syndrome among police officers","volume":"64","author":"JM Violanti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Environ Occup Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0261349.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0120632","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120632","article-title":"Shift work and the relationship with metabolic syndrome in Chinese aged workers","volume":"10","author":"Y Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0261349.ref025","article-title":"Chronotype, Social Jet Lag, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Early Adolescence","author":"EM Cespedes Feliciano","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0261349.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2019.1671439","article-title":"Association between misalignment of circadian rhythm and obesity in Korean men: Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"37","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"pone.0261349.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12995-018-0204-y","article-title":"Impact of shift work on the diurnal cortisol rhythm: a one-year longitudinal study in junior physicians","volume":"13","author":"J Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Occup Med Toxicol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0261349.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.02.006","article-title":"Investigating Cortisol Production and Pattern as Mediators in the Relationship Between Shift Work and Cardiometabolic Risk","volume":"34","author":"J Ritonja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0261349.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.08.014","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation and cortisol activity in obesity: A systematic review.","volume":"62","author":"AC Incollingo Rodriguez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0261349.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E56","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20047","article-title":"Diurnal salivary cortisol is associated with body mass index and waist circumference: the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"21","author":"S Champaneri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0261349.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2020.03.006","article-title":"Impact of shift work on blood pressure among emergency medical services clinicians and related shift workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"PD Patterson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0261349.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18136738","article-title":"The Impact of Different Types of Shift Work on Blood Pressure and Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","volume":"18","author":"S Gamboa Madeira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0261349.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2019.07.008","article-title":"Impact of Circadian Disruption on Cardiovascular Function and Disease","volume":"30","author":"SL Chellappa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0261349.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-019-0938-7","article-title":"Sleep Duration and Blood Pressure: Recent Advances and Future Directions.","volume":"21","author":"N Makarem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0261349.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1803180","article-title":"Effect of Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure on Cardiovascular Outcomes","volume":"381","author":"AC Flint","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pone.0261349.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19189","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19189","article-title":"Streptomycin treatment alters the intestinal microbiome, pulmonary T cell profile and airway hyperresponsiveness in a cystic fibrosis mouse model","volume":"6","author":"M Bazett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0261349.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3700","article-title":"Shift work and the risk of cardiovascular disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis including dose-response relationship","volume":"44","author":"L Torquati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0261349.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2017-104371","article-title":"Sleep duration as a mediator between an alternating day and night shift work schedule and metabolic syndrome among female hospital employees","volume":"75","author":"J Korsiak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0261349.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000426","article-title":"Relationship of night and shift work with weight change and lifestyle behaviors","volume":"57","author":"MB Bekkers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of occupational and environmental medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0261349.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3267","article-title":"The relationship between current and former shift work and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"38","author":"S Puttonen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0261349","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T13:29:44Z","timestamp":1639402184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0261349"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Girish C.","family":"Melkani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0261349","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]}}}