{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T16:57:17Z","timestamp":1784221037997,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects a highly significant number of people and is responsible for the deaths of many people in sub-Saharan African countries alone. The best prevention method for this virus is through consistent condom utilization which can help to prevent drug-resistant HIV infection and acquisition of new infection. Therefore, this study aimed to assess consistent condom utilization and associated factors among HIV-positive individuals attending an antiretroviral therapy clinic at Pawi general hospital, North West Ethiopia in 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 419 HIV-positive individuals who have follow-up in the Pawi general hospital antiretroviral therapy clinics, from January to February 2020. The study subjects were reached using a systematic sampling technique and data were collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Data entry and analysis were performed using epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 23 respectively. Binary and multivariable analyses with a 95% confidence level were performed. In the final model, variables with P &lt; 0.05 were considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 419 antiretroviral therapy study participants were participated in the study with a response rate of 100%. In this finding, the consistent condom utilization rate was 49.2% [95% CI: 42.2\u201356.5%]. After controlling for possible confounding factors, the results showed that place of residence [AOR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.05, 4.45], marital status [AOR = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.67], number of partners [AOR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.55] and level of education [AOR = 5.33, 95% CI: 1.57, 18.08] were associated factors of consistent condom utilization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consistent condom utilization among HIV-positive clients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics at Pawi general hospital was low. Residence, marital status, level of education and number of partners were significantly associated factors of consistent condom use. Health education program and counseling services should be started to increase knowledge about way of transmission and appropriate use of condoms, increase self-efficacy towards condom use and reduction in the number of sexual partners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T18:37:30Z","timestamp":1640111850000},"page":"e0261581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Consistent condom utilization and associated factors among HIV positive clients attending ART clinic at Pawi general hospital, North West Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5876-7325","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alex","family":"Yeshaneh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adugna","family":"Lencha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amlaku Mulat","family":"Aweke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaregal","family":"Dessalew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tegegne","family":"Wale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esubalew","family":"Mekuriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Temkin","family":"Abdulahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alemu","family":"Workineh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meseret","family":"Yitayew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1438-8125","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hirut","family":"Dinku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genet","family":"Asfaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0261581.ref001","first-page":"119","article-title":"Consistent condom use in HIV\/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in northwestern Ethiopia: implication to reduce transmission and multiple infections.","volume":"7","author":"Z Shewamene","year":"2015","journal-title":"HIV\/AIDS (Auckland, NZ)."},{"key":"pone.0261581.ref002","unstructured":"Ababa A. Ethiopia. Abstract available from: https:\/\/wfpha.confex.com\/wfpha\/2012\/webprogram\/Paper10587.html. 2013."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0261581.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-308","article-title":"Patterns of condom use and associated factors among adult HIV positive clients in North Western Ethiopia: a comparative cross sectional study.","volume":"12","author":"E Yalew","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC public health"},{"issue":"08","key":"pone.0261581.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.732","article-title":"Condom use among antiretroviral therapy patients in Ibadan, Nigeria.","volume":"4","author":"JO Akinyemi","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0261581.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18591","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.16.1.18591","article-title":"Inconsistent condom use among HIV\u2010positive women in the \u201cTreatment as Prevention Era\u201d: data from the Italian DIDI study","volume":"16","author":"P Cicconi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the International AIDS Society"},{"key":"pone.0261581.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"Consistent condom use among HIV positive women attending comprehensive care centre of thika level 5 hospital, Kenya","author":"AG Macharia","DOI":"10.4236\/wja.2015.53017"},{"issue":"01","key":"pone.0261581.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.4236\/wja.2014.41008","article-title":"Disclosure, multiple sex partners, and consistent condom use among HIV positive adults on antiretroviral therapy in Johannesburg, South Africa.","volume":"4","author":"S Madiba","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Journal of AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0261581.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350801302S03","article-title":"The World Health Organization\u2019s global strategy for prevention and assessment of HIV drug resistance","volume":"13","author":"DE Bennett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antiviral therapy"},{"key":"pone.0261581.ref009","article-title":"demographic and health survey 2016: key indicators report","author":"E. EDHS","year":"2016","journal-title":"The DHS Program ICF"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0261581.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6438-5","article-title":"Risky sexual practice and associated factors among HIV positive adults visiting ART clinics in public hospitals in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study.","volume":"19","author":"WB Tadesse","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0261581.ref011","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Condoms and STDs: Fact Sheet for Public Health Personnel. Retrieved from E. www.cdc.gov\/condomeffectiveness\/docs\/"},{"key":"pone.0261581.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir747","article-title":"Determinants of per-coital-act HIV-1 infectivity among African HIV-1-serodiscordant couples","volume":"205","author":"Partners in Prevention HSV\/ HIV Transmission Study Team","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0261581.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000393","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence and predictors of incorrect condom use among sexually active adults in Kenya: Results from a nationally representative survey","volume":"43","author":"M. A. Grasso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0261581.ref014","first-page":"489","article-title":"Condom effectiveness in reducing heterosexual HIV transmission: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on HIV serodiscordant couples. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics &","volume":"16","author":"F. K. Giannou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Outcomes Research"},{"key":"pone.0261581.ref015","article-title":"Consistent condom use and associated factors among HIV-positive clients on antiretroviral therapy in North West Ethiopian Health Center, 2016 GC.","author":"MS Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS research and treatment"},{"key":"pone.0261581.ref016","unstructured":"EpiData Association. Epidata Software 3.1."},{"key":"pone.0261581.ref017","author":"CA Mertler","year":"2016"},{"issue":"9630","key":"pone.0261581.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60732-1","article-title":"HIV\/AIDS estimates and the quest for universal access","volume":"371","author":"KM De Cock","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0261581.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1363\/3103805","article-title":"Does\u2019 CNN\u2019(condoms, needles and negotiation) work better than\u2019ABC\u2019(abstinence, being faithful and condom use) in attacking the AIDS epidemic?","volume":"31","author":"SW Sinding","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Family Planning Perspectives"},{"key":"pone.0261581.ref020","author":"S Tuot","journal-title":"Determinants of inconsistent condom use among HIV serodiscordant couples in Cambodia"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0261581.ref021","first-page":"214","article-title":"Factors associated with consistent condom use among senior secondary school female learners in Mbonge subdivision of rural Cameroon","volume":"5","author":"EE Tarkang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of AIDS and HIV Research"},{"issue":"02","key":"pone.0261581.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.4236\/wja.2014.42022","article-title":"Evaluation of Condom Use and Associated Factors among Adult HIV Clients in Maiduguri, North Eastern Nigeria: A Comparative Cross Sectional Study.","volume":"4","author":"BA Denue","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Journal of AIDS"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0261581.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-006-9108-4","article-title":"Inconsistent condom use with steady and casual partners and associated factors among sexually-active men who have sex with men in Bangkok, Thailand.","volume":"10","author":"G Mansergh","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS and Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0261581.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/17290376.2004.9724824","article-title":"Factors associated with consistent condom use by employees in the brewery industry in Nigeria","volume":"1","author":"AM Sunmola","year":"2004","journal-title":"SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV\/AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0261581.ref025","article-title":"Male condom use, multiple sexual partners and HIV: a prospective case-control study in Kinshasa (DRC),","author":"Silvia Carlos","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0261581.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18034","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.16.1.18034","article-title":"Coital frequency and condom use in monogamous and concurrent sexual relationships in Cape Town, South Africa.","volume":"16","author":"W Delva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the International AIDS Society"},{"key":"pone.0261581.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-422","article-title":"Risky Sexual Practices and Related Factors among ART Attendees in Addis Ababa Public Hospitals, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","volume":"11","author":"Y. Dessie","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0261581.ref028","first-page":"27","article-title":"Sexual Risk Behaviour among HIV-Positive Persons in Kumasi, Ghana.","volume":"46","author":"N.M. Ncube","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ghana Medical Journal"},{"key":"pone.0261581.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.2307\/2991917","article-title":"Sexual activity and condom use in Lusaka, Zambia","volume":"24","author":"S. Agha","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Family Planning Perspectives"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0261581","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T20:27:15Z","timestamp":1674160035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0261581"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Santosh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0261581","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]}}}