{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T07:49:16Z","timestamp":1793087356572,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"USAID","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AID-OAA-A\u221214-00102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AID-OAA-A\u221214-00102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) which contains the greatest area of the second largest rainforest on Earth, people have long been connected to the forest for subsistence and livelihood from wild animals and bushmeat. This qualitative study sought to characterize the bushmeat movement\u2014from hunting wild animals to market sale\u2014and the roles of participants in the animal value chain, as well as their beliefs surrounding zoonotic disease and occupational risk. Actors in in eight bushmeat markets and two ports in Kinshasa, DRC completed semi-structured interviews between 2016 and 2018 in which they expressed belief in transmission of illness from domestic animals to humans, but not from wild animals to humans. Wild animals were viewed as pure and natural, in contrast to domestic animals which were considered tainted by human interference. Participants reported cutting themselves during the process of butchering yet did not consider butchering bushmeat to be a risky activity. Instead, they adopted safety practices learned over time from butchering experts and taught themselves how to butcher in a fashion that reduced the frequency of cutting. In general, butcherers rejected the idea of personal protective equipment use. Port markets were identified as important access points for meat coming from the Congo river and plane transport was identified as important for fresh and live meat coming from \u00c9quateur province. Most participants reported having heard about Ebola, but their mistrust in government messaging privileged a word-of-mouth story of witchcraft to be propagated about Ebola\u2019s origins. It is critical to better understand how public health messaging about outbreaks can successfully reach high risk communities, and to develop creative risk mitigation strategies for populations in regular contact with animal blood and body fluids. In this paper, we offer suggestions for formal and informal trusted channels through which health messages surrounding zoonotic risk could be conveyed to high-risk populations in Kinshasa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T18:36:19Z","timestamp":1645036579000},"page":"e0261601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Risk perceptions and behaviors of actors in the wild animal value chain in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0134-6615","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ashley","family":"Lucas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Kumakamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Saylors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erby","family":"Obel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reggiani","family":"Kamenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Makuwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Clary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Miningue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"McIver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0664-9367","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christian E.","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Placide Mbala","family":"Kingebeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean J.","family":"Muyembe-Tamfum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"34","key":"pone.0261601.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13931","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1011526108","article-title":"Economic and geographic drivers of wildlife consumption in rural Africa","volume":"108","author":"JS Brashares","year":"2011","journal-title":"PNSA"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0261601.ref002","first-page":"268","volume":"19","author":"DS Wilkie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Role of prices and wealth in consumer demand for bushmeat in Gabon, Central AfricaConservation Biology"},{"key":"pone.0261601.ref003","article-title":"Bushmeat Crisis Causes, Consequences and Controls","author":"Central African Regional Program for the Environment","year":"2001","journal-title":"Issue Brief #23"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0261601.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1017\/S0030605313000549","article-title":"Bushmeat consumption among rural and urban children from Province Orientale, Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"49","author":"N Van Vliet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oryx"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0261601.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/10871209.2010.523924","article-title":"Recognizing the Multiple Reasons for Bushmeat Consumption in Urban Areas: A Necessary Step Toward the Sustainable Use of Wildlife for Food in Central Africa","volume":"16","author":"N Van Vliet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Dimensions of Wildlife"},{"issue":"1411","key":"pone.0261601.ref006","first-page":"983","article-title":"Risk factors for human disease emergence. 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