{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T12:25:35Z","timestamp":1770899135849,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003443","name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["075-15-2019-192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2019-192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003443","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NanoPass Technologies Ltd"},{"name":"NanoPass Technologies Ltd"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Peripheral venous cannulation is one of the most common procedures in medicine. It is associated with noticeable pain and apprehension, although in most cases it is performed without any anesthesia due to lack of a painless, cost-effective option, which would provide rapid local anesthesia with subsequent significant reduction in the experienced pain. We conducted an open-label placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 2% lidocaine injection using the commercially available microneedle device MinronJet600 (NanoPass Technologies Ltd, Israel) to achieve rapid local anesthesia prior to peripheral venous cannulation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>One hundred and two subjects were randomly allocated into two groups. In the first group, 100\u03bcL of lidocaine hydrochloride (2%) was injected intradermally to subjects using the MicronJet600 device in the left arm (MJ-Lido) and 100\u03bcL of saline was injected intradermally using the device in the right arm (MJ-Saline). In the second group, 100\u03bcL of lidocaine hydrochloride (2%) was injected using the MicronJet600 device into the left arm (MJ-Lido), with no injection into the right arm of subjects (No pretreatment). In both groups the intradermal injection was performed at the cannulation site prior to insertion of a 18G cannula into a median cubital vein in both arms. As a primary variable, a score of cannulation-induced pain was indicated by subjects using a 100-point visual analog scale immediately after cannulation. As a secondary variable, subjects in Group 2 also indicated their preference to receive the anaesthetic injection with MicronJet600 in the future by using the 5-point Likert scale. Also, as a secondary variable, the duration of skin numbness after lidocaine injection was indicated by performing a superficial pin-prick with a 27G needle at 15, 30 and 45 minutes, at distances of 1, 2 and 3 centimeters from the injection site.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A significant pain reduction (11.0-fold) was achieved due to the lidocaine injection compared to the cannulation without any pretreatment (p&lt; 0.005). After the lidocaine injection the anesthesia was effective up to 2 centimeters from the injection site and remained for up to 30 minutes. Eighty percent of subjects from the second group preferred cannulation after the lidocaine injection over cannulation without any pretreatment. No significant side effects were identified.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Intradermal injection of anaesthetic with Micronjet600 was found to be a safe and effective option for providing rapid local anesthesia for peripheral intravenous cannulation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Trial regiatration<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The clinical trial was registered, before the patient enrollment began, in the Research Registry publicly accessible database (registration identifier: researchregistry4662). Also, the trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (registration identifier: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT05108714\" xlink:type=\"simple\">NCT05108714<\/jats:ext-link>) after its completion.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T18:34:32Z","timestamp":1643654072000},"page":"e0261641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Intradermal injection of lidocaine with a microneedle device to provide rapid local anaesthesia for peripheral intravenous cannulation: A randomised open-label placebo-controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4042-7813","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexey","family":"Rzhevskiy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Popov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chavdar","family":"Pavlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Anissimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Zvyagin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yotam","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Efrat","family":"Kochba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0261641.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-016-0252-8","article-title":"First 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a novel microneedle device for dose sparing intradermal influenza vaccination in healthy adults","volume":"27","author":"P Van Damme","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"pone.0261641.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.09.008","article-title":"A phase 1, openlabel, randomized study to compare the immunogenicity and safety of different administration routes and doses of virosomal influenza vaccine in elderly","volume":"34","author":"Y Levin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"pone.0261641.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915922","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00133-X","article-title":"Immune response and reactogenicity of intradermal administration versus subcutaneous administration of varicella-zoster virus vaccine: an exploratory, randomised, partly blinded trial","volume":"16","author":"CR Beals","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious 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